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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Academic Physician Assistants >Knowledge and Usage Patterns of Folic Acid amongst Physician Assistant Students at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
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Knowledge and Usage Patterns of Folic Acid amongst Physician Assistant Students at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

机译：德州大学加尔维斯顿分校的医学助理学生中的叶酸知识和使用模式。

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Physician Assistant (PA) students are educated that 400 micrograms (μg) of daily folic acid (FA) is a vital component of prenatal care to reduce fetal development abnormalities. Studies have shown that higher education level is correlative with the use of daily FA in women of reproductive age. The objective of this study was to assess PA students' knowledge of the physiologic implications of FA supplementation, the recommended dosage and intake regimen, and how having this knowledge impacted their behavior. A knowledge-based questionnaire was given to 59 first year female PA students and 39 third year female PA students at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB). Overall FA use amongst female UTMB PA students is 66.3%. Furthermore, 40% of the third year students consumed 400 μg of FA daily as opposed to 7.8% of the first year students. One-hundred percent of the third year students knew that FA deficiency caused NTDs, and 86.4% of the first year students recognized this causation. There was poor compliance for following the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended FA regimen amongst students in the UTMB PA program. The results in our study were comparable to the previous publications, finding that the majority of women in both our study and the general population acknowledged the importance of FA supplementation. Background and Significance Folate, Vitamin B9, is a naturally occurring water-soluble vitamin. Foods containing folate include leafy green vegetables, oranges, legumes, and liver (Brown et al., 1997). Due to the poor bioavailability and limited food sources of folate, a synthetic form was developed: FA (Winkels, Brouwer, Siebelink, Katan, & Verhoef, 2007). The U.S. Public Health Service issued a recommendation in 1992 stating “all women of reproductive age in the U.S., capable of becoming pregnant, should consume 400 μg of FA daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy affected by [neural tube defect] NTD” (Prue, Flores, Panissidi, & Lira, 2008). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) utilized this recommendation in 1998, and mandated that all enriched grains be fortified with FA (CDC, 2007). In 2005 the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) made an effort to inform the general population about these new recommendations, and advocated women consume 400 μg of FA daily in multivitamin or supplement form in addition to the FA provided by enriched foods (Cena et al., 2008). In May 2009, the USPSTF recommended “all women planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 400 μg – 800 μg of FA” (U.S. Preventative Services Task Force, 2009). The importance of FA is annually recognized by the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control, and the National Birth Defects Prevention Network during January’s National Birth Defects Prevention Month (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Lifetime healthcare costs for children suffering from spina bifida can exceed two million dollars per child for medical and surgical care of the individual (Spina Bifida Association, 2009). It is important for women of reproductive age to be proactive regarding their health and the health of a potential fetus.Despite the profound FA fortification programs enforced by the FDA in the early 1990s, approximately 4,000 cases of NTDs are reported annually in the U.S. (Pawlak et al., 2008). NTDs are caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. During pregnancy neural tube closure begins on day 18 and concludes on day 26 of embryonic development (Lamers, Prinz-Langenohl, Br?mswig, & Pietrzik, 2006). The three most common NTDs are: spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Studies show that if a pregnant woman consumes 400 μg of FA daily periconception, the incidence of spina bifida and anencephaly are decreased 40-80 percent (Grosse & Collins, 2007). In addition to NTD prevention, FA supplementation also reduces cleft palate
机译：医师助理（PA）的学生受到教育，每天400微克（μg）的叶酸（FA）是减少胎儿发育异常的产前保健的重要组成部分。研究表明，育龄妇女的高等教育水平与每日FA的使用相关。这项研究的目的是评估PA学生对补充FA的生理学意义，推荐的剂量和摄入方案以及这些知识如何影响其行为的知识。在加尔维斯顿的德克萨斯大学医学分校（UTMB），对59名第一年的PA学生和39名第三年的PA学生进行了基于知识的问卷调查。 UTMB PA女学生中，FA的总体使用率为66.3％。此外，40％的三年级学生每天消耗400μgFA，而一年级学生则为7.8％。 100％的第三年级学生知道FA缺陷会导致NTD，而第一年级学生中的86.4％认识到这种原因。在UTMB PA计划的学生中，遵循美国预防服务工作队（USPSTF）推荐的FA方案的依从性差。我们的研究结果与以前的出版物相当，发现我们研究中的大多数女性和普通人群都承认补充FA的重要性。背景和意义叶酸维生素B9是一种天然存在的水溶性维生素。含叶酸的食物包括多叶绿色蔬菜，橘子，豆类和肝脏（Brown等，1997）。由于叶酸的生物利用度差和食物来源有限，因此开发了一种合成形式：FA（Winkels，Brouwer，Siebelink，Katan和Verhoef，2007年）。美国公共卫生服务局于1992年发布了一项建议，指出“美国所有育龄妇女中有能力怀孕的人，应每天摄入400μgFA，以减少受[神经管缺陷] NTD影响的怀孕风险”。 （Prue，Flores，Panissidi和Lira，2008年）。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）在1998年采用了该建议，并要求所有富集谷物都必须使用FA进行强化（CDC，2007年）。 2005年，《美国人饮食指南》（DGA）努力向普通民众宣传这些新建议，并倡导除富含食品的FA之外，女性每天还要摄入400μg多种维生素或补充形式的FA（Cena等人（2008年）。 2009年5月，USPSTF建议“所有计划生育或有能力怀孕的妇女都应每天摄入400μg– 800μgFA补充剂”（美国预防服务工作队，2009年）。在1月份的全国出生缺陷预防月（疾病控制与预防中心，2007年）期间，卫生与公共服务部，疾病控制中心和全国出生缺陷预防网络每年都认可FA的重要性。每个患脊柱裂的儿童的终身医疗保健费用可能超过每个儿童200万美元，用于个人的医疗和外科护理（Spina Bifida协会，2009年）。对于育龄妇女来说，积极主动地注意自己的健康和潜在胎儿的健康非常重要。尽管FDA在1990年代初期实施了深刻的FA强化计划，但美国每年仍报告约4,000例NTD病例（Pawlak等人，2008）。 NTD是由胚胎发生过程中神经管关闭失败引起的。在怀孕期间，神经管的封闭从胚胎发育的第18天开始，到第26天结束（Lamers，Prinz-Langenohl，Br？mswig和Pietrzik，2006年）。三种最常见的NTD为：脊柱裂，无脑和脑膨出。研究表明，如果孕妇每天摄入400μgFA，则脊柱裂和无脑症的发生率将降低40-80％（Grosse＆Collins，2007）。除了预防NTD，补充FA还可以减少reduces裂

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