A Serological Investigation Of Some Abortion Causes Among Small Ruminant Flocks In Greece

Giorge Bisias; Angeliki R. Burriel; Sofia Boutsini; Spiros K. Kritas; Leonidas S. Leontides

摘要

Four hundred sixty three (463) serum samples collected from aborted ewes (289) and does (174) were tested for antibodies to five selected pathogens having public health importance. The investigation aimed in serologically ranking the importance of Leptospira spp infection, as compared to other causes of small ruminant abortion in Southern Greece. It involved 37 sheep flocks and 18 goat herds. All investigated farms were positive for antibodies to one or more of the selected microorganisms. Three hundred sixty eight (79.48%) of the examined serum samples were antibody positive. From them 219 ewe samples were positive to Brucella spp. (44 samples), Chlamydophila spp. (43 samples), Leptospira spp. (72 samples), Coxiella burnetii (141 samples) and Toxoplasma gondii (144 samples). From the 149 positive doe samples 39, 37, 32, 110 and 52 were positive to the above causes respectively. None of the positive ewes and does was positive to only Leptospira spp., of which the highest antibody titers were observed for serovar Australis (ewes) and Copenhageni (does). Serovar Tarassovi had a significant presence in both animal species, but it showed lower titers. Introduction Abortions of food producing animals are the cause of considerable economic losses for the farmer 10. In addition, they may have a public health importance, if they are the result of microorganisms causing disease to man. Some microorganisms of public health importance causing also abortion are Brucella, Listeria, Coxiella, Chlamydia and Toxoplasma 10. These infectious agents are easily spreading among animals and man in all farming systems, but they are of increased importance where communal grazing is common and farms are family holdings 9. Communal grazing is common in Southern Europe, Middle East and African nations 27, where Brucella spp. is a frequent cause of severe human illness, thus the first pathogen suspected when small ruminant abortions are investigated 2. This approach to the investigation of abortions is often overlooking other causes, such as Coxiella, Toxoplasma or Chlamydia, vigorously investigated in nations where production is mostly intensive or they are free of brucellosis 17. However, regardless of production system, Leptospira spp. infection is rarely investigated as a possible cause of abortion among small ruminants, because the systematic study of animal leptospirosis is rather difficult. Leptospirosis, a disease of animals and man, is a “re-emerging” infection of economic and public health importance. Its prevalence varies according to animal species and area where the disease is investigated. The reported prevalences of infection among the various animal species across the world are between 2 and 46%, the variation depending not only on the animal species, but also the method of testing, the geographic area and time of the year testing was performed3,4,11,25,26. Testing is difficult because the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) 6,13,29, which is the internationally recognized method for investigating leptosirosis, is neither easy to perform nor cheap. The MAT uses as antigen live leptospira serovars, thus requires a well equipped laboratory and trained personnel to maintain the large number of serovars needed. These difficulties affect the systematic and in depth investigation of the impact of the infection on animal production, including this of small ruminants8,24,26. However, to safely implicate Leptospira spp in abortion other infectious causes should be excluded. The present investigation attempted to serologically document the proportional importance of the most frequently investigated small ruminant abortion causes in Southern Greece, in relation to leptospirosis, which is systematically excluded. The aim was to serologically rank and further study the effects of Leptospira spp. infection on small ruminant production. Material and Methods Samples SelectedThe investigation was performed during 2005-2006 in collaboration with the Veter

机译：从流产的母羊（289）和母羊（174）收集的463（463）血清样本中检测了对五种具有公共卫生重要性的病原体的抗体。与希腊南部小反刍动物流产的其他原因相比，该研究旨在从血清学上对钩端螺旋体属菌感染的重要性进行排序。它涉及37个羊群和18个山羊群。所有接受调查的农场对一种或多种选定微生物的抗体均为阳性。所检查的血清样品中的三百六十八（79.48％）为抗体阳性。从他们那里得到的219只母羊样品对布鲁氏菌属呈阳性。（44个样品），衣原体属。（43个样品），钩端螺旋体属。（72个样本），伯氏柯氏杆菌（141个样本）和弓形虫（144个样本）。在149个阳性母鹿样品中，分别有39个，37个，32个，110个和52个对上述原因呈阳性。母羊中没有一个是阳性的，只对钩端螺旋体属有阳性，其中血清南极（母羊）和哥本哈根（抗体）的抗体效价最高。 Serovar Tarassovi在两种动物中都有明显的存在，但滴度较低。引言食用动物的流产是造成农民10大量经济损失的原因。此外，如果它们是微生物引起人类疾病的结果，则它们可能具有公共卫生重要性。布鲁氏菌，李斯特菌，柯氏杆菌，衣原体和弓形虫10等具有重要公共卫生意义的微生物，也会引起流产。这些传染原很容易在所有耕作系统的动物和人中传播，但在社区普遍放牧且养殖场普遍的情况下，它们的重要性日益增加。家庭财产9.在南欧，中东和非洲国家27，布鲁切拉（Brucella spp）社区普遍放牧。是造成严重人类疾病的常见原因，因此是调查小型反刍动物流产时第一个被怀疑的病原体。2.这种流产调查方法通常忽略了其他原因，例如在产地多的国家大力调查的Coxiella，弓形虫或衣原体。多数为密集型或没有布鲁氏菌病17。但是，不管生产系统是钩端螺旋体。很少将感染作为小反刍动物流产的可能原因进行调查，因为对动物钩端螺旋体病的系统研究相当困难。钩端螺旋体病是一种动物和人的疾病，是具有经济和公共卫生重要性的“重新出现”感染。它的患病率随所研究疾病的动物种类和地区而异。据报道，世界上各种动物物种之间的感染率在2％至46％之间，其变化不仅取决于动物物种，而且还取决于测试方法，进行年度测试的地理区域和时间3,4。，11,25,26。测试很困难，因为显微镜凝集试验（MAT）6,13,29是一项国际公认的研究瘦腿病的方法，既不容易执行也不便宜。 MAT将活的钩端螺旋体血清型用作抗原，因此需要装备精良的实验室和训练有素的人员来维护所需的大量血清型。这些困难影响了对感染对动物生产（包括小反刍动物）的影响的系统和深入的调查8、24、26。但是，为了安全地使钩端螺旋体在流产中起作用，应该排除其他感染原因。本研究试图通过血清学方法记录希腊南部最经常调查的小反刍动物流产原因与钩端螺旋体病有关的重要性，钩端螺旋体病已被系统地排除在外。目的是从血清学上分级并进一步研究钩端螺旋体的影响。小反刍动物产生感染。选定的材料和方法样本该调查是在2005-2006年与Veter合作进行的

A Serological Investigation Of Some Abortion Causes Among Small Ruminant Flocks In Greece

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