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首页> 外文期刊>The Open Ornithology Journal >Behavioural and Ecological Keys to Urban Colonization by Little Ravens (Corvus mellori)
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Behavioural and Ecological Keys to Urban Colonization by Little Ravens (Corvus mellori)

机译：小乌鸦（Corvus mellori）进行城市殖民的行为和生态关键

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Avian urban colonization is thought to be facilitated by a capacity for innovative feeding, ecological generalismand social foraging. However, the relative importance in exploiting urban resources and avoiding urban predators of beinginherently ‘pre-adapted’ to the urban environment or adjusting to it through phenotypic plasticity requires more examination.These issues were explored in a native ‘urban adapter’, the Little raven Corvus mellori, by comparing its foragingecology, group size and nest site use in Melbourne, Australia, and the surrounding exurban environment. Urban individualsmanipulated human food waste and gleaned from sealed surfaces more than exurban conspecifics (suggesting behaviouralflexibility), but foraging behaviour and substrate use were broadly similar in both environments (suggesting‘preadaptation’). Little ravens foraged close to conspecifics and heterospecifics more frequently in the urban than the exurbanenvironment, but some potential dietary competitors rarely foraged near urban Little ravens, possibly indicatingsome niche partitioning. Mean urban rate of agonistic interaction with other bird species was low (0.023 interactions perforaging raven observed). Although displacement of a raven >10 m occurred in 61-70% of such interactions, the displacedindividual usually rapidly resumed foraging nearby. Thus aggressive, interspecific interference competition for food appearedlimited. Large groups of Little ravens were twice as common in the exurban as the urban environment, which wasinconsistent with the hypothesis that social foraging facilitated urban colonization. Nest tree type (predominantly eucalypts),size and isolation were similar in urban and exurban environments, but urban nests were significantly more concealed.We suggest that ‘preadaptation’, behavioural innovation and a relative lack of significant, interspecific food competitionhave contributed to urban colonization by Little ravens.
机译：鸟类的城市殖民化被认为通过创新的饲养，生态普遍主义和社会觅食的能力得到促进。然而，在开发城市资源和避免城市掠夺者固有地``预先适应''城市环境或通过表型可塑性适应城市环境方面的相对重要性需要更多研究。这些问题在本地的``城市适配器''Little raven中进行了探讨。乌鸦（Corvus mellori），通过比较其觅食生态，种群规模和巢穴在澳大利亚墨尔本及周边郊区环境中的使用情况进行比较。城市居民处理人类食物垃圾并从密封表面上收集的东西要多于郊区的规格（建议行为灵活性），但两种环境下的觅食行为和底物使用情况大体相同（建议“适应”）。小乌鸦在城市中比郊区环境更频繁地在同种和异种附近觅食，但是一些潜在的饮食竞争者很少在城市小乌鸦附近觅食，这可能表明某些生态位分配。城市与其他鸟类的激动作用的平均比率很低（观察到掠夺乌鸦的相互作用为0.023）。尽管在这种互动中有61％至70％的乌鸦发生了> 10 m的移位，但这些移位的个体通常会在附近迅速恢复觅食。因此，针对食物的侵略性，种间干扰竞争显得有限。在郊区，大群小乌鸦的发生率是城市环境的两倍，这与社会觅食促进城市殖民化的假设相矛盾。在城市和郊区环境中，巢树的类型（主要是桉树），大小和隔离度相似，但城市巢穴被更隐蔽。我们建议“重新适应”，行为创新以及相对缺乏重大的种间食物竞争促进了城市殖民化由小乌鸦。

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