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Melatonin Beyond Its Classical Functions

机译:褪黑激素超越其经典功能

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The perception of melatonin as a mediator of darkness, formed in a circadian fashion, circulating in subnanomolarconcentrations, and removed as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, reflects only a sector within a spectrum of actions. Thisubiquitous compound present in bacteria and eucaryotes is exceptionally pleiotropic, in terms of binding proteins, receptordistribution, G protein coupling, electron-exchange reactions, and secondary effects by metabolites, such as 5-methoxytryptamine and methoxylated kynuramines. Membrane receptors are located, e.g., in the vertebrate suprachiasmaticnucleus, pars tuberalis, brain, vasculature, and leukocytes. Binding proteins include quinone reductase 2, ROR/RZRtranscription factors, calmodulin, calreticulin, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. Actions via hormonal subsystems,growth factors, neurotransmission and immune system lead to further secondary effects. Single-electron transfer reactionsare basis of radical scavenging, non-enzymatic metabolism and interactions with electron transport systems. The metabolite,N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and of neuronal NO synthase, an NOscavenger and a mitochondrial modulator.
机译:褪黑素以昼夜节律的形式形成,以亚纳摩尔浓度循环传播,并以6-巯基氧基褪黑激素的形式被除去,这仅反映了一系列作用范围内的一部分。就结合蛋白,受体分布,G蛋白偶联,电子交换反应以及代谢物(例如5-甲氧基色胺和甲氧基化的Kyuramines)的次级作用而言,存在于细菌和真核生物中的这种泛在化合物具有非同寻常的多效性。膜受体位于,例如,脊椎动物视交叉上核,结节,脑,脉管系统和白细胞中。结合蛋白包括醌还原酶2,ROR / RZR转录因子,钙调蛋白,钙网蛋白,核蛋白和线粒体蛋白。通过激素子系统,生长因子,神经传递和免疫系统的作用导致进一步的次级作用。单电子转移反应是自由基清除,非酶代谢和与电子传输系统相互作用的基础。代谢物N1-乙酰基-5-甲氧基kyururamine是前列腺素合成和神经元NO合酶,NO清道夫和线粒体调节剂的有效抑制剂。

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