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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Dermatology >Dermatophytes and Other Fungi Associated with Hair-Scalp of Nursery and Primary School Children in Awka, Nigeria
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Dermatophytes and Other Fungi Associated with Hair-Scalp of Nursery and Primary School Children in Awka, Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚Awka的托儿所和小学生的头皮相关的皮肤癣菌和其他真菌

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A total of 2,117 nursery and primary school children aged 1-13 years were surveyed for hair-scalp infection in Awka, Nigeria between January and March 2004. Specimens for mycological investigations were confirmed by microscopic examinations in 100 cases (4.7%) and the causative agents were isolated and cultured in 84 positive cases (3.9%). Zoophilic dermatophytes accounted for (42%) followed by geophilic (37%) and anthropophilic (21%) dermatophytes. Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were the main etiologic agents. Other non-dermatophytic fungi species isolated were Alternaria alternata 14(17%), Aspergillus fumigatus 10 (12%) Fusarium solani 7 (8%), Penicillium sp 3 (4%) and Candida albicans 3 (4%). Introduction The superficial fungal infections or superficial mycoses affect the hair, nails and skin 1,2,3. On the skin and scalp, the lesions are often roughly circular with raised border, but may coalesce to form confluent areas of dry, scaling skin, inducing itching and scratching which in severe cases may ulcerate 4. The superficial mycoses include principally dermatophytes, pityriasis versicolar, tinea-nigra, black piedra, white piedra, cutaneous candidosis etc. Untold numbers of people world-wide suffer these infections. Sex, race and occupation have little recognized differential influence upon the frequency of these infections. Age, however influences susceptibility to dermatophytosis due to developed immunity5. Children are mostly affected by dermatophytic infection before and during puberty6. It is caused by a variety of zoophilic, anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton 2,6.The prevalence of superficial mycoses (Tinea capitis) has been studied in different parts of the world 7,8,9,10. The relative occurrence of the etiologic agents of these infections varies from country to country and from one climatic region to another 11,12,13. In tropical countries, a warm and humid climate, crowded living and poor sanitary conditions all promote the spread of these infections 14. In Nigeria, only a few research studies are available on prevalence and etiological agents of Tinea capitis in schools in different parts of the country 15,16,17,18,19.The present study is aimed at detecting the presence of dermatophytes and other fungi associated with hair-scalp of nursery and primary school children in Awka, Nigeria. Materials and methods Sample SelectionThe selection was carried out using the method described by Ellabid20. A total of 2117 children with an age range of 1-13 years suspected to have superficial hair-scalp infections were randomly selected from 4 primary schools in Awka, Nigeria between January and March 2004. Questionnaires and physical observations were used to obtain information on duration of the lesion, clinical picture, prior therapy as well as demographic data such as age, sex, nationality and family status of the respondents. The final selected culture positive children for this study consisted of 51 males and 33 females, including nursery children.Sample collectionTwo sample collection methods were used in this study: In one method, samples consisting of epidermal scales and infected hairs were scraped from the scalp/rim of lesions using a sterile scalpel blade following cleaning of the affected sites with 70v/v isopropyl alcohol. The scrapings were collected on a piece of sterile brown paper21. Moist cotton swabs were used to collect pus from inflammatory lesions. The samples were divided into two portions: one for microscopic examination and one for culture. The collected samples were transported to the laboratory within 2 hours for microscopic and cultural analysis. A second method was a brush culture collection technique described by Mackenzie.22 Sample processing Direct microscopic examinationDirect microscopic examination of scales and broken-off hairs placed on a microscope slide with one or two drop of 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a cover s
机译：2004年1月至2004年3月，在尼日利亚的Awka对总共2117名1-13岁的托儿所和小学儿童进行了头皮感染调查。通过显微镜检查确诊了真菌学标本，其中100例（4.7％）是病因。分离并培养了84例阳性病例（3.9％）的细菌。嗜人皮癣菌占42％，其次是嗜地皮癣菌（37％）和嗜人皮癣菌（21％）。主要的病原体是小孢子石膏和毛癣菌。分离出的其他非皮肤真菌类物种有：Alternaria alternata 14（17％），烟曲霉10（12％）茄镰刀7（8％），Penicillium sp 3（4％）和白色念珠菌3（4％）。简介浅表真菌感染或浅表真菌病会影响头发，指甲和皮肤1,2,3。在皮肤和头皮上，病变通常是大致圆形的，带有凸起的边界，但可能会合并形成干燥，鳞屑的皮肤融合区域，引起瘙痒和抓挠，严重时可能会溃疡4。浅表真菌病主要包括皮肤真菌，糠疹，糠疹和糠疹。 ，黑头癣，黑皮德拉，白皮德拉，皮肤念珠菌病等。全世界有不计其数的人遭受这些感染。性别，种族和职业对这些感染的频率几乎没有公认的差异影响。然而，由于免疫力的发展，年龄会影响皮肤癣菌的易感性5。在青春期之前和期间，儿童大多受到皮肤癣菌感染的影响6。它是由Microsporum和Trichophyton属的各种嗜生性，嗜人性和嗜地性皮肤癣菌引起的2,6。已在世界各地7,8,9,10研究了浅表霉菌病（头癣）的患病率。这些感染的病因的相对发生率因国家和地区而异，从一个气候区域到另一个气候区域11,12,13。在热带国家，温暖湿润的气候，拥挤的生活和恶劣的卫生条件都促进了这些感染的蔓延。14.在尼日利亚，只有很少的研究研究关于在非洲不同地区的学校中头癣的流行和病因。国家15、16、17、18、19。本研究旨在检测与尼日利亚托克托儿所和小学生的头皮相关的皮肤真菌和其他真菌的存在。材料和方法样品选择使用Ellabid20描述的方法进行选择。 2004年1月至2004年3月间，从尼日利亚Awka的4所小学中随机抽取了2117名年龄在1-13岁之间的儿童，怀疑他们患有浅表皮头皮感染。病灶，临床图片，既往治疗以及受访者的年龄，性别，国籍和家庭状况等人口统计数据。本研究最终选择的培养阳性儿童包括51名男性和33名女性，包括托儿所儿童。样本收集本研究采用两种样本收集方法：在一种方法中，从头皮/头皮上刮除表皮鳞片和感染的头发。在用70v / v异丙醇清洁患处后，使用无菌手术刀刀片在病灶边缘。碎屑收集在一张无菌的棕色纸上21。湿棉签用于从炎症性病变中收集脓液。样品分为两部分：一部分用于显微镜检查，另一部分用于培养。收集的样品在2小时内被运送到实验室进行显微镜和文化分析。第二种方法是Mackenzie描述的刷式培养物收集技术。22样品处理直接显微镜检查直接显微镜检查鳞片和脱落的毛发，将其放在载有一两滴20％氢氧化钾（KOH）和盖盖的显微镜载玻片上

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