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首页> 外文期刊>Water Alternatives: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Water Politics and Development >Virtual water and water footprints: Overreaching into the discourse on sustainability, efficiency, and equity
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Virtual water and water footprints: Overreaching into the discourse on sustainability, efficiency, and equity

机译：虚拟水和水足迹：涉及可持续性，效率和公平性的讨论

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摘要

The notions of virtual water and water footprints were introduced originally to bring attention to the large amounts of water required to produce crops and livestock. Recently, several authors have begun applying those notions in efforts to describe efficiency, equity, and the sustainability of resources and production activities. In this paper, I describe why the notions of virtual water and water footprints are not appropriate for analysing issues pertaining to those topics. Both notions lack a supporting conceptual framework and they contain too little information to enhance understanding of important policy issues. Neither notion accounts for the opportunity cost or scarcity value of water in any setting, or the impacts of water availability and use on livelihoods. In addition, countries trade in goods and services – not in crop and livestock water requirements. Thus, the notions of virtual water and water footprints cannot provide helpful insight regarding the sustainability of water use, economic efficiency, or social equity. Gaining such insight requires the application of legitimate conceptual frameworks, representing a broad range of perspectives from the physical and social sciences, with due consideration of dynamics, uncertainty, and the impacts of policy choices on livelihoods and natural resources.
机译：最初引入虚拟水和水足迹的概念是为了引起人们对生产农作物和牲畜所需的大量水的关注。最近，一些作者开始将这些概念应用于描述效率，公平性以及资源和生产活动的可持续性的工作。在本文中，我描述了为什么虚拟水和水足迹概念不适用于分析与这些主题相关的问题。两种概念都缺乏支持性的概念框架，并且它们包含的信息太少，无法增进对重要政策问题的理解。在任何情况下，这两个概念都没有考虑水的机会成本或稀缺价值，也没有考虑水的可获得性和使用对生计的影响。此外，国家进行商品和服务贸易，而不是作物和牲畜用水需求。因此，虚拟水和水足迹的概念无法提供有关用水可持续性，经济效率或社会公平的有用见解。要获得这种见识，就需要应用合法的概念框架，代表物理和社会科学的广泛观点，并适当考虑动态，不确定性以及政策选择对生计和自然资源的影响。

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