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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment >Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer: Present Challenges and Recent Developments
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Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer: Present Challenges and Recent Developments

机译：膀胱癌的生物标志物：目前的挑战和最新发展

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Bladder cancer is the most common carcinoma of the urinary system. Early detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer is a major challenge. Urine cytology has low sensitivity and specificity, especially for low-grade tumors. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for the detection and follow-up of bladder tumors. However, it is an expensive and invasive procedure and can fail to detect many bladder lesions such as carcinoma in situ (CIS). It is thus an unmet need to identify a robust set of biomarkers, which can improve the current diagnostic practice. During the last one decade, several bladder tumor markers have been identified for diagnosis, however, none of these diagnostic markers offer sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be routinely used in the clinics. Recent advancement in mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics has emerged as a powerful method to discover wide range of proteins in complex biological samples. In this review, we summarize the status of biomarkers currently identified and used for bladder cancer diagnosis.
机译：膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系统癌。早期发现和诊断膀胱癌是一项重大挑战。尿液细胞学检查的敏感性和特异性低，特别是对于低度肿瘤。膀胱镜检查是检测和随访膀胱肿瘤的金标准。然而，这是昂贵且侵入性的过程，并且可能无法检测到许多膀胱病变，例如原位癌（CIS）。因此，识别健壮的生物标志物集合是可以满足的，这可以改善当前的诊断实践。在过去的十年中，已经确定了几种膀胱肿瘤标志物用于诊断，但是，这些诊断标志物都没有提供足够的灵敏度和特异性以在临床中常规使用。基于质谱（MS）的定量蛋白质组学的最新进展已成为发现复杂生物样品中多种蛋白质的有力方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前已确定并用于膀胱癌诊断的生物标志物的状况。

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