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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Diabetes Mellitus >Nutritional Correlates of Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2000-2010
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Nutritional Correlates of Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2000-2010

机译：2000-2010年美国国家健康与营养检查（NHANES）中具有妊娠糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗史的妇女的营养相关性

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Objective: To evaluate the associations of gestational diabetes (GDM) history with dietary intake, nutritional status, insulin resistance, demographic, and anthropometrical data. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2000-2010. Data analysis was based on 290 women who reported a history of GDM compared to 4239 women who denied a GDM history. Insulin resistance [HOMA_IR = (fasting insulin in mU/mL × fasting glucose in mmol/L)/405] was calculated. Pearson correlation, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, Student’s t-tests, and chi-square analysis were used while linear regression assessed independent associations. Results: The median time-lapse from the diagnosis of GDM was 15 years. Women with a GDM history had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), other anthropometric measurements, diastolic blood pressures and insulin resistance. They were also more likely to be Hispanic, have delivered macrosomic infants, and delivered via cesarean. Previous GDM history compared to non-GDM subjects had significantly higher dietary intakes of energy calories, protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids, mono-saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. Within the entire cohort, increasing insulin resistance was also associated with lower income, less college education, Hispanic or African American ethnicity, obesity, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and with higher dietary cholesterol but lower intake of dietary fiber and micronutrients. Regression analyses showed that GDM history, Hispanic ethnicity, BMI, dietary intake of cholesterol and decreasing income were independently predictive of insulin resistance. Conclusion: The data confirm that even many years after a pregnancy associated with GDM, women with a history of GDM still report significantly higher dietary intakes of energy calories, protein, and fat with no corresponding increase in consumption of dietary fiber or minerals and vitamins. Consequently, the increased calorie and food consumption of women with previous GDM are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and higher blood pressures. These observations may suggest the need to target high-risk groups who may need more resources and awareness of the benefits of quality nutrition.
机译：目的：评估妊娠糖尿病（GDM）史与饮食摄入，营养状况，胰岛素抵抗，人口统计学和人体测量学数据的关联。材料和方法：本断面研究使用了2000-2010年美国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。数据分析基于290名报告GDM病史的女性，而4239名否认GDM病史的女性。计算胰岛素抵抗[HOMA_IR ＝（以mU / mL表示的空腹胰岛素×以mmol / L表示的空腹葡萄糖）/ 405。线性回归评估独立关联时，使用了Pearson相关性，Wilcoxon秩和检验，Student's t检验和卡方分析。结果：诊断为GDM的中位时间间隔为15年。有GDM病史的女性的体重指数（BMI），其他人体测量学，舒张压和胰岛素抵抗明显更高。他们也更可能是西班牙裔，已分娩了巨大的婴儿，并通过剖宫产分娩。与非GDM受试者相比，以前的GDM病史在饮食中的能量卡路里，蛋白质，总脂肪，饱和脂肪酸，单饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇摄入量显着增加。在整个队列中，胰岛素抵抗的增加还与较低的收入，较少的大学学历，西班牙裔或非裔美国人种族，肥胖症，较高的收缩压和舒张压，较高的饮食胆固醇，较低的膳食纤维和微量营养素摄入量有关。回归分析显示，GDM病史，西班牙裔种族，BMI，饮食中胆固醇的摄入量和收入的减少是胰岛素抵抗的独立预测因素。结论：数据证实，即使妊娠与GDM相关，即使有很多年，有GDM病史的女性在饮食中仍摄入明显更多的能量，蛋白质和脂肪，而膳食纤维或矿物质和维生素的消耗却没有相应增加。因此，以前患有GDM的妇女卡路里和食物消耗增加与肥胖，胰岛素抵抗和血压升高有关。这些观察结果可能表明需要针对可能需要更多资源和对优质营养益处的认识的高风险人群。

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