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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of International Humanitarian Action >Understanding disasters: managing and accommodating different worldviews in humanitarian response
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Understanding disasters: managing and accommodating different worldviews in humanitarian response

机译：了解灾难：在人道主义应对中管理和适应不同的世界观

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Abstract Over the past decade, humanitarian events affected on average 120 million people annually. Whilst many of these events are human-induced, a large number of the 400 or so complex humanitarian emergencies that require international response each year are natural. Such events result in loss of life, injure and maim survivors, destroy infrastructure and give rise to psycho-social trauma. Aid agencies working alongside affected communities must address all these consequences as part of their responses. What is also required though is an appreciation that worldviews will inform how affected communities both understand the cause of the event, their role in the event and how they will subsequently participate in rebuilding or reconstruction programs. Disasters can be affected by religious beliefs. With more than 85% of the global population self-professing religious belief, these worldviews are often shaped in whole or in part by sacred texts, religious teachings and sectarian practices. In this regard, it is not uncommon for those affected by disasters (particularly natural disasters) to genuinely describe these events as ‘acts of God’. Effective responses require the local context to be central in assessing needs and determining capacities. This must include an understanding of and authentic engagement with religious beliefs and how this may affect how the humanitarian event interacts with these beliefs. There is though little evidence as to how professional humanitarian workers accommodate the religious beliefs of local populations in their planning, implementation and evaluation of humanitarian responses. This paper draws on the experiences of humanitarian workers based in the USA and Australia from both faith-based and secular international non-governmental organizations to consider both how these workers themselves accommodate the religious views of affected communities in their responses and also their experience as to how such views affect the effectiveness of responses. This paper will consider why aid agencies must incorporate (and appreciate) different worldviews around disasters in order to more effectively respond to the needs of communities affected by humanitarian events. It will also identify difficulties and opportunities experienced by individual humanitarian practitioners as well as agencies when working in such environments.
机译：摘要在过去的十年中，人道主义事件平均每年影响1.2亿人。尽管其中许多事件是人为引起的，但自然而然，每年需要国际响应的400多个复杂的人道主义紧急事件中，有许多是自然而然的。此类事件导致人员丧生，受伤和残伤的幸存者，破坏基础设施并引起心理-社会创伤。与受影响社区一起工作的援助机构必须解决所有这些后果，作为其应对措施的一部分。但是，还需要理解的是，世界观将告知受影响的社区如何了解事件的起因，他们在事件中的作用以及他们随后将如何参与重建或重建计划。宗教信仰可能会影响灾难。这些世界观拥有全球超过85％的自称宗教信仰，因此，这些世界观通常全部或部分地由神圣的文本，宗教教义和宗派实践所塑造。在这方面，受灾难（尤其是自然灾害）影响的人们将这些事件真实地描述为“上帝的作为”并不罕见。有效的应对措施要求当地背景在评估需求和确定能力中处于中心地位。这必须包括对宗教信仰的理解和真正参与，以及这如何影响人道主义事件与这些信仰的相互作用。关于职业人道主义工作者在规划，执行和评估人道主义对策中如何容纳当地居民的宗教信仰的证据很少。本文借鉴了基于信仰和世俗的国际非政府组织在美国和澳大利亚的人道主义工作人员的经验，以考虑这些工作人员本人如何在应对中适应受影响社区的宗教观点，以及他们在应对方面的经验。这些观点如何影响回应的有效性。本文将考虑为何援助机构必须纳入（并赞赏）关于灾难的不同世界观，以便更有效地响应受人道主义事件影响的社区的需求。它还将查明在这种环境中工作的个人人道主义从业人员以及各机构所遇到的困难和机遇。

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