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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering >The Storm Surge and Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling in New York City during Hurricane Sandy
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The Storm Surge and Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling in New York City during Hurricane Sandy

机译：桑迪飓风期间纽约市的风暴潮和子网格淹没模型

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Hurricane Sandy inflicted heavy damage in New York City and the New Jersey coast as the second costliest storm in history. A large-scale, unstructured grid storm tide model, Semi-implicit Eulerian Lagrangian Finite Element (SELFE), was used to hindcast water level variation during Hurricane Sandy in the mid-Atlantic portion of the U.S. East Coast. The model was forced by eight tidal constituents at the model’s open boundary, 1500 km away from the coast, and the wind and pressure fields from atmospheric model Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) provided by Weatherflow Inc. The comparisons of the modeled storm tide with the NOAA gauge stations from Montauk, NY, Long Island Sound, encompassing New York Harbor, Atlantic City, NJ, to Duck, NC, were in good agreement, with an overall root mean square error and relative error in the order of 15–20 cm and 5%–7%, respectively. Furthermore, using large-scale model outputs as the boundary conditions, a separate sub-grid model that incorporates LIDAR data for the major portion of the New York City was also set up to investigate the detailed inundation process. The model results compared favorably with USGS’ Hurricane Sandy Mapper database in terms of its timing, local inundation area, and the depth of the flooding water. The street-level inundation with water bypassing the city building was created and the maximum extent of horizontal inundation was calculated, which was within 30 m of the data-derived estimate by USGS.
机译：桑迪飓风在纽约市和新泽西州海岸造成了严重破坏，是历史上第二次代价最高的风暴。在美国东海岸中部大西洋地区发生的桑迪飓风期间，使用大型非结构化网格风暴潮模型半隐式欧拉拉格朗日有限元（SELFE）来预测水位变化。该模型是由模型的开放边界（距海岸1500公里）的八个潮汐成分以及Weatherflow Inc.提供的大气模型区域大气模型系统（RAMS）产生的风压场强迫产生的。从纽约州蒙托克，长岛峡到新泽西州大西洋城的纽约港，再到北卡罗来纳州的诺克，NOAA测距站的一致性很好，总体均方根误差和相对误差约为15–20厘米和5％–7％。此外，使用大规模模型输出作为边界条件，还建立了一个单独的子网格模型，该模型结合了纽约市大部分地区的LIDAR数据，以研究详细的淹没过程。该模型的结果在时间，局部淹没面积和洪水深度方面与美国地质调查局的飓风桑迪·马珀数据库比较好。创建了绕过城市建筑物的街道淹水，并计算了水平淹没的最大范围，该范围在USGS得出的数据估计的30 m以内。

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