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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of NeuroEngineering Rehabilitation >Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria: experimental evidence and current conceptual bases
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Mechanisms of human cerebellar dysmetria: experimental evidence and current conceptual bases

机译：人类小脑功能障碍的机制：实验证据和当前的概念基础

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The human cerebellum contains more neurons than any other region in the brain and is a major actor in motor control. Cerebellar circuitry is unique by its stereotyped architecture and its modular organization. Understanding the motor codes underlying the organization of limb movement and the rules of signal processing applied by the cerebellar circuits remains a major challenge for the forthcoming decades. One of the cardinal deficits observed in cerebellar patients is dysmetria, designating the inability to perform accurate movements. Patients overshoot (hypermetria) or undershoot (hypometria) the aimed target during voluntary goal-directed tasks. The mechanisms of cerebellar dysmetria are reviewed, with an emphasis on the roles of cerebellar pathways in controlling fundamental aspects of movement control such as anticipation, timing of motor commands, sensorimotor synchronization, maintenance of sensorimotor associations and tuning of the magnitudes of muscle activities. An overview of recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of cerebellar circuitry in the elaboration and shaping of motor commands is provided, with a discussion on the relevant anatomy, the results of the neurophysiological studies, and the computational models which have been proposed to approach cerebellar function.
机译：人小脑比大脑中的任何其他区域包含更多的神经元，并且是运动控制的主要角色。小脑电路因其定型架构和模块化组织而独一无二。在接下来的几十年里，了​​解肢体运动组织的运动规则和小脑回路应用的信号处理规则仍然是一个重大挑战。在小脑患者中观察到的主要功能障碍之一是子宫发育不良，表示无法进行准确的运动。在自愿的目标导向任务中，患者超出目标（超子宫）或不足（子宫下）。小脑功能障碍的机制进行了审查，重点是小脑通路在控制运动控制的基本方面的作用，例如预期，运动命令的定时，感觉运动同步，感觉运动联想的维持以及肌肉活动幅度的调节。概述了我们对小脑电路在运动命令的制定和塑造中的作用的理解的最新进展，并讨论了相关的解剖结构，神经生理学研究的结果以及已提出的处理模型小脑功能。

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