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Formation rate of water masses in the Japan sea

机译：日本海中水团的形成率

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Water masses in the subsurface and the intermediate layer are actively formed due to strong winter convection in the Japan Sea. It is probable that some fraction of pollution is carried into the layer below the sea surface together with these water masses, so it is important to estimate the formation rate and turnover time of water masses to study the fate of pollutants. The present study estimates the annual formation rate and the turnover time of water masses using a three-dimensional ocean circulation model and a particle chasing method. The total annual formation rate of water masses below the sea surface amounted to about 3.53 ± 0.55 Sv in the Japan Sea. Regarding representative intermediate water masses, the annual formation rate of the Upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water (UJSPW) and the Japan Sea Intermediate Water (JSIW) were estimated to be about 0.38 ± 0.11 and 1.43 ± 0.16 Sv, respectively, although there was little evidence of the formation of deeper water masses below a depth of about 1500 m in a numerical experiment. An estimate of turnover time shows that the UJSPW and the JSIW circulate in the intermediate layer of the Japan Sea with timescales of about 22.1 and 2.2 years, respectively.
机译：由于日本海冬季强烈对流，地下和中间层的水团活跃形成。可能有一部分污染与这些水团一起被带入海面以下的层，因此，估计水团的形成速率和周转时间对研究污染物的命运很重要。本研究使用三维海洋环流模型和粒子追踪法估算了水团的年形成率和周转时间。在日本海中，海面以下水团的年总形成率约为3.53±0.55 Sv。关于代表性的中间水团，尽管有，日本海纯水（UJSPW）和日本海中间水（JSIW）上部的年形成率估计分别约为0.38±0.11和1.43±0.16 Sv。在数值实验中，几乎没有证据表明在约1500 m深度以下会形成更深的水团。对周转时间的估计表明，UJSPW和JSIW在日本海的中层环流，时间尺度分别约为22.1年和2.2年。

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