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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Sustainable Development >Weapons, Fortification and Military Art of the Volga Bulgaria in the 10th – the First Third of the 13th Centuries
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Weapons, Fortification and Military Art of the Volga Bulgaria in the 10th – the First Third of the 13th Centuries

机译：伏尔加河保加利亚的武器，防御工事和军事艺术-13世纪的前三分之一

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The relevance of the research is determined by the significant role of wars in the history of medieval societies of Eurasia. Wars accelerated or retarded the development of the countries and influenced their historical destiny. Medieval army has always been closely connected with the social development of society and depended on the level of economic, social, political and cultural development of different countries. Troops, military structure and weapons are the most important indicator of the development of the medieval society. The aim of the article is to study weapons and military art of the Volga Bulgaria which was one of the largest countries in the Eastern Europe in the 10th – 13th centuries. The main method of the research is the integrated approach based on the study of archaeological and narrative sources. The study revealed and systematized weapons from archaeological sites and leading museums of Kazan, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Helsinki, etc. We also identified the chronology and the dynamics of the development of these weapons. The analysis of the weapons and protective clothing allowed to reconstruct the weapon system and to prove that the knight weapons played the main role. The comparison of the dynamics of the weapon evolution with the data of narrative sources revealed the structure of the military organization of Bulgaria, the military terminology and the number of troops. We analyzed the battlefield tactics and the defense tactics, as well as the unique system of the national defense and the military and political history of Bulgaria, especially the Russian-Bulgar and the Mongol-Bulgar wars. The materials of the article may be useful for preparation of generalizing monographs on the history of weapons and wars both of the Eastern Europe and Eurasia. The materials can be used by the university teachers at the lectures and workshops, at special courses in military and political history of the Eastern Europe, the history of war and the military art.
机译：这项研究的相关性取决于战争在欧亚大陆中世纪社会历史中的重要作用。战争加速或阻碍了这些国家的发展，并影响了它们的历史命运。中世纪的军队一直与社会的社会发展紧密相连，并取决于各国的经济，社会，政治和文化发展水平。部队，军事结构和武器是中世纪社会发展的最重要指标。本文的目的是研究伏尔加保加利亚的武器和军事艺术，伏尔加保加利亚是10世纪至13世纪东欧最大的国家之一。研究的主要方法是基于考古和叙事来源研究的综合方法。该研究揭示了考古遗址和喀山，莫斯科，圣彼得堡，赫尔辛基等主要博物馆的武器并进行了系统化。我们还确定了这些武器的年代和发展动力。对武器和防护服的分析可以重建武器系统，并证明骑士武器起着主要作用。通过对武器发展动态与叙事来源数据的比较，揭示了保加利亚军事组织的结构，军事术语和部队人数。我们分析了战场战术和防御战术，以及独特的国防系统和保加利亚的军事和政治历史，特别是俄罗斯-布尔加战争和蒙古-布尔加战争。本文的材料可能有助于编写有关东欧和欧亚大陆武器和战争历史的概论专着。大学教师可以在讲座和讲习班上，东欧军事和政治历史，战争历史和军事艺术的特殊课程中使用这些材料。

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