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Nanoscale Investigation of Pathogenic Microbial Adhesion to a Biomaterial

机译：纳米尺度的病原微生物粘附到生物材料。

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Microbial infections of medical implants occur in more than 2 million surgical cases each year in the United States alone. These increase patient morbidity and mortality, as well as patient cost and recovery time. Many treatments are available, but none are guaranteed to remove the infection. In many cases, the device infections are caused by the adhesion of microbes to the implant, ensuing growth, pathogenesis, and dissemination. The purpose of this work is to examine the initial events in microbial adhesion by simulating the approach and contact between a planktonic cell, immobilized on an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever, and a biomaterial or biofilm substrate. The two model microbes used in this study, Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 90018) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), were chosen for both their clinical relevance and their ease of acquisition and handling in the laboratory setting. Attractive interactions exist between C. parapsilosis and both unmodified silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Using C. parapsilosis cells immobilized on AFM cantilevers with a silicone substrate, we have measured attractive forces of 4.3 ± 0.25 nN in the approach portion of the force cycle. On P. aeruginosa biofilms, the magnitude of the attractive force decreases to 2.0 ± 0.40 nN and is preceded by a 2.0-nN repulsion at approximately 75 nm from the cell surface. These data suggest that C. parapsilosis may adhere to both silicone rubber and P. aeruginosa biofilms, possibly contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. Characterization of cell-biomaterial and cell-cell interactions allows for a quantitative link between the physicomechanical and physicochemical properties of implant materials and the nanoscale interactions leading to microbial colonization and infection.
机译：仅在美国，每年就有超过200万例外科手术病例发生医用植入物的微生物感染。这些增加了患者的发病率和死亡率，以及患者的费用和恢复时间。有许多治疗方法可用，但不能保证能消除感染。在许多情况下，设备感染是由微生物与植入物的粘附，随后的生长，发病机制和传播引起的。这项工作的目的是通过模拟固定在原子力显微镜（AFM）悬臂上的浮游细胞与生物材料或生物膜基质之间的接触和接触，来检查微生物粘附的初始事件。选择本研究中使用的两种模型微生物：副念珠菌（ATCC 90018）和铜绿假单胞菌（ATCC 10145），因为它们具有临床相关性，并且易于在实验室环境中采集和处理。副翼弯曲杆菌与未改性的硅橡胶和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜之间都存在有吸引力的相互作用。使用固定在带有有机硅基质的AFM悬臂上的副寄生梭菌细胞，我们在力周期的接近部分测得的吸引力为4.3±0.25 nN。在铜绿假单胞菌生物膜上，吸引力的大小降低至2.0±0.40 nN，并在距细胞表面约75 nm处排斥2.0-nN。这些数据表明，C。parapsilosis可能同时粘附在硅橡胶和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜上，可能导致患者发病和死亡。细胞-生物材料和细胞-细胞相互作用的表征允许植入物材料的物理力学和物理化学性质与导致微生物定植和感染的纳米级相互作用之间的定量联系。

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