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首页> 外文期刊>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Identification of the Leucine-to-2-Methylbutyric Acid Catabolic Pathway of Lactococcus lactis
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Identification of the Leucine-to-2-Methylbutyric Acid Catabolic Pathway of Lactococcus lactis

机译：乳酸乳球菌的亮氨酸到2-甲基丁酸分解代谢途径的鉴定

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Nutrient starvation and nonculturability in bacteria lead to changes in metabolism not found during the logarithmic phase. Substrates alternate to those used during growth are metabolized in these physiological states, yielding secondary metabolites. In firmicutes and actinobacteria, amino acid catabolic pathways are induced during starvation and nonculturability. Examination of lactococci showed that the population entered a nonculturable state after carbohydrate depletion and was incapable of growth on solid media; however, the cells gained the ability to produce branched-chain fatty acids from amino acids. Gene expression profiling and in silico pathway analysis coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to delineate the leucine catabolic pathway. Lactococci produced acetic and propionic acid during logarithmic growth and starvation. At the onset of nonculturability, 2-methylbutyric acid was produced via hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-CoA, along with ATP and oxidation/reduction precursors. Gene expression profiling and genome sequence analysis showed that lactococci contained redundant genes for branched-chain fatty acid production that were regulated by an unknown mechanism linked to carbon metabolism. This work demonstrated the ability of a firmicute to induce new metabolic capabilities in the nonculturable state for producing energy and intermediates needed for transcription and translation. Phylogenetic analyses showed that homologues of these enzymes and their functional motifs were widespread across the domains of life.
机译：营养不足和细菌的不可培养性导致对数期未发现的代谢变化。在这些生理状态下，与生长过程中使用的底物不同的底物被代谢，产生次生代谢物。在硬毛和放线菌中，在饥饿和不可培养性期间诱导氨基酸分解代谢途径。乳球菌检查表明，该人群在碳水化合物耗尽后进入不可培养状态，无法在固体培养基上生长。然而，细胞获得了从氨基酸生产支链脂肪酸的能力。基因表达谱分析和计算机途径分析与核磁共振波谱相结合，用于描绘亮氨酸分解代谢途径。乳球菌在对数生长和饥饿期间产生乙酸和丙酸。在不可培养性开始时，通过羟甲基-戊二酰辅酶A（CoA）和乙酰基-CoA以及ATP和氧化/还原前体产生了2-甲基丁酸。基因表达谱和基因组序列分析表明，乳球菌含有多余的支链脂肪酸生产基因，这些基因受与碳代谢有关的未知机制调控。这项工作证明了坚定的能力在非培养状态下诱导新的代谢能力，以产生转录和翻译所需的能量和中间体。系统发育分析表明，这些酶的同系物及其功能基序广泛分布于生活的各个领域。

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