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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Bioremediation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-Contaminated Agricultural Soils: Potential of Two Autochthonous Saprotrophic Fungal Strains
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Bioremediation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-Contaminated Agricultural Soils: Potential of Two Autochthonous Saprotrophic Fungal Strains

机译：受二氯二苯基三氯乙烷（DDT）污染的农业土壤的生物修复：两种自噬腐生真菌菌株的潜力

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DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was used worldwide as an organochlorine insecticide to control agricultural pests and vectors of several insect-borne human diseases. It was banned in most industrialized countries; however, due to its persistence in the environment, DDT residues remain in environmental compartments, becoming long-term sources of exposure. To identify and select fungal species suitable for bioremediation of DDT-contaminated sites, soil samples were collected from DDT-contaminated agricultural soils in Poland, and 38 fungal taxa among 18 genera were isolated. Two of them, Trichoderma hamatum FBL 587 and Rhizopus arrhizus FBL 578, were tested for tolerance in the presence of 1-mg liter?1 DDT concentration by using two indices based on fungal growth rate and biomass production (the tolerance indices Rt:Rc and TI), showing a clear tolerance to DDT. The two selected strains were studied to evaluate catabolic versatility on 95 carbon sources with or without DDT by using the Phenotype MicroArray system and to investigate the induced oxidative stress responses. The two strains were able to use most of the substrates provided, resulting in both high metabolic versatility and ecological functionality in the use of carbon sources, despite the presence of DDT. The activation of specific metabolic responses with species-dependent antioxidant enzymes to cope with the induced chemical stress has been hypothesized, since the presence of DDT promoted a higher formation of reactive oxygen species in fungal cells than the controls. The tested fungi represent attractive potential candidates for bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soil and are worthy of further investigations.IMPORTANCE The spread and environmental accumulation of DDT over the years represent not only a threat to human health and ecological security but also a major challenge because of the complex chemical processes and technologies required for remediation. Saprotrophic fungi, isolated from contaminated sites, hold promise for their bioremediation potential toward toxic organic compounds, since they might provide an environment-friendly solution to contamination. Once we verified the high tolerance of autochthonous fungal strains to high concentrations of DDT, we showed how fungi from different phyla demonstrate a high metabolic versatility in the presence of DDT. The isolates showed the singular ability to keep their functionality, despite the DDT-induced production of reactive oxygen species.
机译：滴滴涕（二氯二苯基三氯乙烷）在世界范围内用作有机氯杀虫剂，用于控制农业害虫和几种人类传播的疾病。大多数工业化国家都禁止使用该产品。但是，由于其在环境中的持久性，DDT残留物仍留在环境隔室中，成为长期的接触源。为了鉴定和选择适合对DDT污染地点进行生物修复的真菌种类，从波兰的DDT污染农业土壤中收集了土壤样品，并分离了18个属中的38个真菌类群。通过使用基于真菌生长速率和生物量产生的两个指数（容忍指数Rt：Rc和2），在1 mg升？1 DDT浓度下测试了两个木霉，即木霉木霉FBL 587和法氏根霉FBL 578。 TI），显示出对DDT的明显容忍度。通过使用Phenotype MicroArray系统，研究了两个选定的菌株，以评估在95种碳源（有或没有DDT）下的分解代谢通用性，并研究诱导的氧化应激反应。尽管存在滴滴涕，这两种菌株仍能够使用所提供的大多数底物，从而在碳源的使用中实现了高代谢通用性和生态功能。假设与物种相关的抗氧化酶激活特定的代谢反应以应对诱导的化学胁迫，因为与对照相比，DDT的存在促进了真菌细胞中更高活性氧的形成。经测试的真菌代表了被DDT污染的土壤进行生物修复的潜在潜在候选者，值得进一步研究。多年来，DDT的传播和环境积累不仅对人类健康和生态安全构成威胁，而且由于修复所需的复杂化学过程和技术。从污染场所分离出来的腐生真菌具有对有毒有机化合物进行生物修复的潜力，因为它们可以为污染提供环境友好的解决方案。一旦我们证实了本地真菌菌株对高浓度DDT的高耐受性，我们就证明了来自不同门的真菌在DDT存在下如何表现出高代谢多功能性。尽管DDT诱导了活性氧的产生，但分离物仍具有保持其功能的独特能力。

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