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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Diversity in Geographically Distinct Soil Microbiomes
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Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Diversity in Geographically Distinct Soil Microbiomes

机译：地理上不同的土壤微生物组中的天然产物生物合成基因多样性

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The number of bacterial species estimated to exist on Earth has increased dramatically in recent years. This newly recognized species diversity has raised the possibility that bacterial natural product biosynthetic diversity has also been significantly underestimated by previous culture-based studies. Here, we compare 454-pyrosequenced nonribosomal peptide adenylation domain, type I polyketide ketosynthase domain, and type II polyketide ketosynthase alpha gene fragments amplified from cosmid libraries constructed using DNA isolated from three different arid soils. While 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates these cloned metagenomes contain DNA from similar distributions of major bacterial phyla, we found that they contain almost completely distinct collections of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene sequences. When grouped at 85% identity, only 1.5% of the adenylation domain, 1.2% of the ketosynthase, and 9.3% of the ketosynthase alpha sequence clusters contained sequences from all three metagenomes. Although there is unlikely to be a simple correlation between biosynthetic gene sequence diversity and the diversity of metabolites encoded by the gene clusters in which these genes reside, our analysis further suggests that sequences in one soil metagenome are so distantly related to sequences in another metagenome that they are, in many cases, likely to arise from functionally distinct gene clusters. The marked differences observed among collections of biosynthetic genes found in even ecologically similar environments suggest that prokaryotic natural product biosynthesis diversity is, like bacterial species diversity, potentially much larger than appreciated from culture-based studies.
机译：近年来，估计地球上存在的细菌种类数量急剧增加。这种新近认可的物种多样性增加了以前的基于培养的研究也大大低估了细菌天然产物生物合成多样性的可能性。在这里，我们比较了454焦磷酸测序的非核糖体肽腺苷酸化域，I型聚酮酮酮合成酶域和II型聚酮酮酮合成酶α基因片段，这些片段是从使用从三种不同干旱土壤中分离的DNA构建的粘粒文库中扩增得到的。虽然16S rRNA基因序列分析表明这些克隆的元基因组包含来自主要细菌门相似分布的DNA，但我们发现它们几乎包含完全不同的次级代谢物生物合成基因序列集合。当以85％的同一性分组时，只有1.5％的腺苷酸化域，1.2％的酮合成酶和9.3％的酮合成酶α序列簇包含来自所有三个元基因组的序列。尽管生物合成基因序列多样性与这些基因所驻留的基因簇编码的代谢物多样性之间不可能存在简单的相关性，但我们的分析进一步表明，一个土壤基因组中的序列与另一基因组中的序列如此遥远相关，以至于在许多情况下，它们可能来自功能不同的基因簇。甚至在生态相似的环境中发现的生物合成基因集合之间观察到的显着差异也表明，原核天然产物的生物合成多样性像细菌物种多样性一样，可能比基于培养的研究大得多。

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