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Tracking Human Adenovirus Inactivation by Gamma Radiation under Different Environmental Conditions

机译：在不同环境条件下通过γ射线追踪人类腺病毒的灭活

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Adenovirus is the most prevalent enteric virus in waters worldwide due to its environmental stability, which leads to public health concerns. Mitigation strategies are therefore required. The aim of this study was to assess the inactivation of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) by gamma radiation in aqueous environments. Various substrates with different organic loads, including domestic wastewater, were inoculated with HAdV-5 either individually or in a viral pool (with murine norovirus type 1 [MNV-1]) and were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 irradiator at several gamma radiation doses (0.9 to 10.8 kGy). The infectivity of viral particles, before and after irradiation, was tested by plaque assay using A549 cells. D_(10) values (dose required to inactivate 90% of a population or the dose of irradiation needed to produce a 1 log_(10) reduction in the population) were estimated for each substrate based on virus infectivity inactivation exponential kinetics. The capability of two detection methods, nested PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to track inactivated viral particles was also assessed. After irradiation at 3.5 kGy, a reduction of the HAdV-5 titer of 4 log PFU/ml on substrates with lower organic loads was obtained, but in highly organic matrixes, the virus titer reduction was only 1 log PFU/ml. The D_(10) values of HAdV-5 in high organic substrates were significantly higher than in water suspensions. The obtained results point out some discrepancies between nested PCR, ELISA, and plaque assay on the assessments of HAdV-5 inactivation. These results suggest that the inactivation of HAdV-5 by gamma radiation, in aqueous environments, is significantly affected by substrate composition. This study highlights the virucidal potential of gamma radiation that may be used as a disinfection treatment for sustainable water supplies.IMPORTANCE Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the most prevalent of the enteric viruses in environmental waters worldwide. The purposes of this study are to provide new insights on the inactivation of enteric virus by gamma irradiation and to introduce new concepts and reinforce the benefits and utility of radiation technologies as disinfection processes. This may be an effective tool to guarantee the reduction of viral pathogens and to contribute to public health and sustainable water supplies.
机译：腺病毒由于其环境稳定性而成为全世界水域中最普遍的肠病毒，这引起了公众健康的关注。因此，需要缓解策略。这项研究的目的是评估在水性环境中通过伽马射线辐射灭活人类5型腺病毒（HAdV-5）的能力。将HAdV-5单独或在病毒库（鼠源诺如病毒1型[MNV-1]）中接种具有不同有机负荷的各种底物（包括生活污水），并以Cobalt-60辐照器以几种伽马辐射剂量辐照。 （0.9至10.8 kGy）。通过使用A549细胞的噬斑测定来测试辐射前后病毒颗粒的感染性。根据病毒感染力灭活指数动力学估算每种底物的D_（10）值（灭活90％的种群所需的剂量或使种群减少1 log_（10）所需的照射剂量）。还评估了两种检测方法（巢式PCR和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA））跟踪灭活病毒颗粒的能力。在以3.5 kGy辐射后，在有机负荷较低的底物上，HAdV-5滴度降低了4 log PFU / ml，但在高度有机基质中，病毒滴度降低仅为1 log PFU / ml。高有机底物中HAdV-5的D_（10）值显着高于水悬浮液。所得结果指出巢式PCR，ELISA和噬菌斑测定在评估HAdV-5失活之间存在差异。这些结果表明，在水性环境中，γ射线灭活HAdV-5受底物组成的影响很大。这项研究强调了可以用作可持续水源消毒处理的伽马射线辐射的潜在杀伤力。重要信息人类腺病毒（HAdV）是全世界环境水域中最普遍的肠病毒。这项研究的目的是为通过伽马射线照射灭活肠病毒提供新的见解，并引入新的概念并加强放射技术作为消毒过程的益处和实用性。这可能是保证减少病毒病原体并促进公共卫生和可持续水供应的有效工具。

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