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Encrypting Controller using Fully Homomorphic Encryption for Security of Cyber-Physical Systems

机译：使用全同态加密的加密控制器，以确保网络物理系统的安全

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Abstract: In order to enhance security of cyber-physical systems, it is important to protect the signals from sensors to the controller, and from the controller to the actuator, because the attackers often steal and compromise those signals. One immediate solution could be encrypting the signals, but in order to perform computation in the controller, they should be decrypted before computation and encrypted again after computation. For this, the controller keeps the secret key, which in turn increases vulnerability from the attacker. In this paper, we introduce the fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) , which is an advanced cryptography that has enabled arithmetic operations directly on the encrypted variables without decryption. However, this also introduces several new issues that have not been studied for conventional controllers. Most of all, an encrypted variable has a finite lifespan, which decreases as an arithmetic operation is performed on it. Our solution is to run multiple controllers, and orchestrate them systematically. Also, in order to slow down the decrease of the lifespan, a tree-based computation of sequential matrix multiplication is introduced. We finally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with quadruple water tank example.
机译：摘要：为了增强网络物理系统的安全性，保护从传感器到控制器以及从控制器到执行器的信号非常重要，因为攻击者通常会窃取并破坏这些信号。一种直接的解决方案是对信号进行加密，但是为了在控制器中执行计算，应该在计算之前对信号进行解密，然后在计算之后再次进行加密。为此，控制器保留了秘密密钥，这反过来又增加了攻击者的脆弱性。在本文中，我们介绍了完全同态加密（FHE），它是一种高级加密技术，可以直接对加密变量进行算术运算而无需解密。但是，这也引入了一些尚未针对常规控制器进行研究的新问题。最重要的是，加密变量的寿命有限，随着对其执行算术运算，该寿命会减小。我们的解决方案是运行多个控制器，并对它们进行系统地编排。另外，为了减慢寿命的降低，引入了基于树的顺序矩阵乘法的计算。最后，我们以四水箱示例为例，证明了该算法的有效性。

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