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Factors Affecting the Transmission of Salmonella by Flies: Natural Resistance to Colonization and Bacterial Interference

机译：影响沙门氏菌通过蝇类传播的因素：对定植和细菌干扰的天然抗性

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Groups of immobilized gnotobiotic houseflies, Musca domestica L., were mono-contaminated with graded doses of Salmonella typhimurium, bicontaminated with S. typhimurium and Proteus mirabilis, and multicontaminated with S. typhimurium and a mouse fecal flora. Of 45 flies fed an average of 22 Salmonella cells alone, 26 showed bacterial multiplication, up to 1.4 × 107 in one case. There was a fairly consistent increase in percentage of Salmonella excreters with increasing input, so that all flies given 104 and 105 cells shed Salmonella some time during an observation period of 8 to 13 days. Multiplication, however, reached higher levels in flies given 102 or 103 organisms. A high input was not necessary to produce a high proportion of Salmonella excreters. Among 22 flies given an average of 90 Salmonella cells, multiplication occurred in 17 and 18 became excreters. Antagonism between P. mirabilis and S. typhimurium, which was previously described in the blowfly maggot tract, also occurred in the gut of the adult housefly. With an input of 103 cells each of Salmonella and Proteus, there was a reduction of Salmonella excreters to 27% on the first day and elimination by the second day. With a normal fecal flora which contained no demonstrable P. mirabilis, 37% of the flies were still excreting Salmonella on the fourth day, but not by day 6; among flies fed Salmonella alone at the same input, the organism was excreted by 87% on the first day and 62% on the second day, and outputs continued for at least 8 days. Salmonella was lodged mainly in the mid- and hindgut 3 days after the infective meal, minimizing transmission through vomit. Comparison studies with the common green bottle fly, Phaenicia sericata Mg., showed it to be more resistant than the housefly to establishment and multiplication of S. typhimurium.
机译：固定化的致病性家蝇（ Musca domestica L.）组被分级剂量的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（）单一污染，而被 S双重污染。鼠伤寒和变形杆菌，并被 S多污染。鼠伤寒和小鼠粪便菌群。在平均只喂食22株沙门氏菌的45只苍蝇中，有26株显示出细菌繁殖，其中1例高达1.4×10 7 。沙门氏菌排泄物百分比随输入量的增加而相当一致地增加，因此给予10 4 和10 5 细胞的所有果蝇均脱落沙门氏菌，持续8到13天。然而，在有10 2 或10 3 生物的情况下，果蝇的繁殖水平更高。高含量的沙门氏菌排泄物不需要大量投入。在22只果蝇平均被分配90个 Salmonella 细胞的过程中，有17个发生了繁殖，其中18个成为排泄物。 P与P之间的对抗。奇迹和 S。以前在吹蝇中描述过的鼠伤寒也出现在成年家蝇的肠道中。输入10个 3 细胞，分别输入 Salmonella 和 Proteus ，将 Salmonella 排泄物减少到27个第一天为％，第二天为淘汰。具有正常的粪便菌群，其中不含可证明的 P。奇异虫，在第四天，但仍到第六天，仍有37％的苍蝇仍在排泄沙门氏菌。在以相同输入量单独喂食“沙门氏菌”的果蝇中，该有机物在第一天排泄了87％，第二天排泄了62％，并且输出至少持续了8天。 沙门氏菌主要是在感染性食物后的三天中肠和后肠中放置的，以最大程度地减少通过呕吐的传播。与常见的绿瓶蝇 Phaenicia sericata Mg。的比较研究表明，它比家蝇对 S的建立和繁殖更具抗性。鼠伤寒。

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