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Relationship Between β-Lactamase Activity and Resistance of Enterobacter to Cephalothin

机译：β-内酰胺酶活性与肠杆菌对头孢菌素抗性的关系

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The relationship between cephalosporin β-lactamase activity and resistance to cephalothin was investigated in strains of Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes. β-Lactamase activity was detected in all strains, but a quantitative correlation between amount of β-lactamase activity and level of resistance to cephalothin was not observed. Permeability barriers to cephalothin were observed and varied from strain to strain. β-Lactamase activity was increased by growing organisms in the presence of penicillin G. These enzymes hydrolyzed cephalosporins more rapidly than penicillins. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, especially those of the isoxazolyl series, effectively inhibited Enterobacter β-lactamase. A synergistic antibacterial effect was observed when organisms were exposed to cephalothin and oxacillin in combination, and the resistance of even very small inocula to cephalothin was reduced by addition of oxacillin. Oxacillin probably exerts its effect by inhibiting β-lactamase at an intracellular site. Intracellular β-lactamase may make an important contribution to the resistance of even small inocula of gram-negative bacilli to cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics. Although β-lactamase plays a significant role in the resistance of Enterobacter to cephalothin, other factors, such as permeability barriers, also participate in determining the level of resistance.
机译：研究了泄殖腔肠杆菌和 E菌株的头孢菌素β-内酰胺酶活性与对头孢菌素抗性的关系。气孔。在所有菌株中均检测到β-内酰胺酶活性，但是未观察到β-内酰胺酶活性的量与对头孢菌素的抗性水平之间的定量相关性。观察到对头孢菌素的渗透性障碍，并且因菌株而异。在青霉素G存在下生长的生物体会增加β-内酰胺酶的活性。这些酶比青霉素更迅速地水解头孢菌素。抗青霉素酶的青霉素，特别是异恶唑基系列的青霉素，能有效抑制肠杆菌β-内酰胺酶。当有机物联合暴露于头孢菌素和奥沙西林时，观察到协同的抗菌作用，甚至加入奥沙西林也会减少很小的接种量对头孢菌素的耐药性。奥沙西林可能通过抑制细胞内部位的β-内酰胺酶发挥作用。细胞内β-内酰胺酶可能对革兰氏阴性菌即使很小的接种量对头孢菌素和青霉素抗生素的耐药性也起重要作用。尽管β-内酰胺酶在肠杆菌对头孢菌素的耐药性中起着重要作用，但其他因素（例如通透性屏障）也参与了耐药水平的确定。

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