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Enhancer control of local accessibility to V(D)J recombinase.

机译:增强对V(D)J重组酶的局部可及性的控制。

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We have studied the role of transcriptional enhancers in providing recombination signal sequence (RSS) accessibility to V(D)J recombinase by examining mice carrying a transgenic human T-cell receptor (TCR) delta gene minilocus. This transgene is composed of unrearranged variable (Vdelta and Vdelta2), diversity (Ddelta3), joining (Jdelta1 and Jdelta3), and constant (Cdelta) gene segments. Previous data indicated that with the TCR delta enhancer (Edelta) present in the Jdelta3-Cdelta intron, V(D)J recombination proceeds stepwise, first V to D and then VD to J. With the enhancer deleted or mutated, V-to-D rearrangement is intact, but VD-to-J rearrangement is inhibited. We proposed that Edelta is necessary for J segment but not D segment accessibility and that J segment inaccessibility in the enhancerless minilocus resulted in the observed V(D)J recombination phenotype. In this study, we tested this notion by using ligation-mediated PCR to assess the formation of recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent double-strand breaks (DSBs) at RSSs 3' of Ddelta3 and 5' of Jdelta1. In five lines of mice carrying multicopy integrants of constructs that either lacked Edelta or carried an inactivated Edelta, the frequency of DSBs 5' of Jdelta1 was dramatically reduced relative to that in the wild type, whereas the frequency of DSBs 3' of Ddelta3 was unaffected. We interpret these results to indicate that Edelta is required for Jdelta1 but not Ddelta3 accessibility within the minilocus, and we conclude that enhancers regulate V(D)J recombination by providing local accessibility to the recombinase. cis-acting elements other than Edelta must maintain Ddelta3 in an accessible state in the absence of Edelta. The analysis of DSB formation in a single-copy minilocus integrant indicates that efficient DSB formation at the accessible RSS 3' of Ddelta3 requires an accessible partner RSS, arguing that RSS synapsis is required for DSB formation in chromosomal substrates in vivo.
机译:我们已经研究了转录增强子在提供重组信号序列(RSS)对V(D)J重组酶的可及性中的作用,方法是检查携带转基因人类T细胞受体(TCR)δ基因小基因座的小鼠。该转基因由未重排的变量(Vdelta和Vdelta2),多样性(Ddelta3),连接(Jdelta1和Jdelta3)和恒定(Cdelta)基因片段组成。先前的数据表明,在Jdelta3-Cdelta内含子中存在TCRδ增强子(Edelta)时,V(D)J的重组过程是逐步进行的,首先是V到D,然后是VD到J。在增强子缺失或突变的情况下,V到- D重排完好无损,但VD到J的重排被禁止。我们提出Edelta是J段必需的,但不是D段可及性,而无增强子微型基因座中的J段不可及性导致观察到的V(D)J重组表型。在这项研究中,我们通过使用连接介导的PCR来评估在Ddelta3的RSSs 3'和Jdelta1的RSSs 3'处的重组激活基因(RAG)依赖的双链断裂(DSBs)的形成,从而验证了这一概念。在五行携带缺少Edelta或携带失活的Edelta的构建体的多拷贝整合子的小鼠中,相对于野生型,Jdelta1的DSB 5'的频率显着降低,而Ddelta3的DSB 3'的频率不受影响。 。我们解释这些结果以表明Edelta是Jdelta1所需的,而不是微型基因座内的Ddelta3可及性,并且我们得出结论,增强子通过提供重组酶的局部可及性来调节V(D)J重组。在没有Edelta的情况下,除Edelta以外的顺式作用元件必须将Ddelta3维持在可访问的状态。对单拷贝小基因座整合体中DSB形成的分析表明,在Ddelta3的可访问RSS 3'处的有效DSB形成需要可访问的伙伴RSS,认为在体内染色体底物中DSB形成需要RSS突触。

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