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首页> 外文期刊>RSC Advances >Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes
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Toxicity of fungicides to Pisum sativum: a study of oxidative damage, growth suppression, cellular death and morpho-anatomical changes

机译：杀菌剂对豌豆的毒性：氧化损伤，生长抑制，细胞死亡和形态解剖变化的研究

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Considering the fungicidal threat to the sustainable agro-environment, the toxicological impacts of three fungicides, namely kitazin, hexaconazole and carbendazim, on the biological, chemical and morpho-anatomical changes of peas were assessed. Fungicide applications in general caused a slow but gradual reduction in growth, symbiosis and yields of peas, which, however, varied appreciably among species and concentrations of the three fungicides. Of the three fungicides, carbendazim had the most lethal effect, in which it delayed seed germination and also diminished the overall pea growth. Carbendazim at 3000 μg kg ~(?1) maximally reduced the germination, SVI, size of roots and shoots and total dry matter accumulation in roots, shoots and whole plants distinctly by 40%, 84%, 72%, 73%, 68%, 75% and 73% ( p ≤ 0.05), respectively. Hexaconazole at 120 μg kg ~(?1) significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) declined total chlorophyll, carotenoids, grain yields, grain protein, root P and shoot N by 19%, 28%, 46%, 69%, 48% and 51%, respectively, over the control. The synthesis of stress biomarkers and oxidative stress were increased with increasing dosage rates of fungicides. Proline content in roots, shoots, leaves and grains, MDA, electrolyte leakage and H _(2) O _(2) of plants grown in soil treated with 288 μg kg ~(?1) kitazin were increased significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) by 73%, 52%, 41%, 24%, 59%, 40% and 27%, respectively, relative to the control. Antioxidant defence enzymes were greater in pea foliage. The SEM and CLSM images revealed an obvious alteration in root tips, enhanced cellular damage and cell death when plants were raised under fungicide stress. Also, morpho-anatomical variations in fungicide-treated foliage were visible in the SEM images. Overall, the present study suggests that a careful and secure strategy should be adopted before fungicides are chosen for enhancing pulse production in different agro-climatic regions.
机译：考虑到杀真菌剂对可持续农业环境的威胁，评估了三种杀真菌剂，即kitazin，hexaconazole和多菌灵对豌豆的生物学，化学和形态解剖学变化的毒理学影响。一般而言，杀真菌剂的使用会导致豌豆的生长，共生和产量缓慢但逐渐降低，但是，这三种杀真菌剂的种类和浓度之间却存在明显差异。在这三种杀真菌剂中，多菌灵的杀伤力最大，它延缓了种子的发芽并降低了豌豆的整体生长。多菌灵在3000μgkg〜（？1）时最大程度地减少了40％，84％，72％，73％，6​​8％的发芽，SVI，根和茎的大小以及根，茎和整个植物中总干物质积累，75％和73％（p≤0.05）。 120μgkg〜（？1）的六康唑显着（p≤0.05）降低了总叶绿素，类胡萝卜素，谷物产量，谷物蛋白，根系P和苗N的19％，28％，46％，69％，48％和51 ％，分别超出了控制范围。随着杀真菌剂剂量率的增加，胁迫生物标志物的合成和氧化胁迫也增加。在288μgkg〜（？1）kitazin处理的土壤中生长的植物的根，茎，叶和谷粒中的脯氨酸含量，MDA，电解质泄漏和H _（2）O _（2）显着增加（p≤0.05）相对于对照组分别降低了73％，52％，41％，24％，59％，40％和27％。豌豆叶片中的抗氧化防御酶含量更高。 SEM和CLSM图像显示了在杀真菌剂胁迫下种植植物时，根尖发生了明显变化，细胞损伤增强，细胞死亡增加。同样，在SEM图像中可以看到杀真菌剂处理过的叶子的形态解剖学变化。总的来说，本研究表明在选择杀真菌剂以提高不同农业气候区的豆类产量之前，应采取谨慎而安全的策略。

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