In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates.

L Zerva; R J Hollis; M A Pfaller

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In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates.

机译：酿酒酵母临床分离株的体外药敏试验和DNA分型。

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Saccharomyces spp. are widely distributed in nature and may colonize the normal human gastrointestinal tract. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates have been previously considered nonpathogenic, they appear to be increasingly associated with infections in immunocompromised or otherwise debilitated patients. The antifungal susceptibility and epidemiology of S. cerevisiae are poorly defined at present. A series of 76 isolates (mostly stool surveillance and throat swab isolates) from 70 bone marrow transplant patients hospitalized at two different medical centers were characterized by antifungal susceptibility testing and restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA. For DNA typing, digestion with NotI followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was applied. Typing results revealed 62 distinct DNA types among the 76 clinical isolates. Despite this genomic diversity, clusters of identical isolates were identified among different patients hospitalized concurrently in the same unit, indicating possible nosocomial transmission. The MICs of amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, and itraconazole were determined by a broth microdilution method, as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The MICs at which 90% of the strains were inhibited were as follows: amphotericin B, 1.0 micrograms/ml; 5-fluorocytosine, 0.25 micrograms/ml; fluconazole, 8.0 micrograms/ml; and itraconazole, 1.0 micrograms/ml. The relative resistance of S. cerevisiae to fluconazole and itraconazole may promote the emergence of this species as a pathogen among immunosuppressed patients.

机译：酿酒酵母属。在自然界广泛分布，并可能定居于正常人的胃肠道。尽管酿酒酵母分离株以前被认为是非致病性的，但它们似乎与免疫受损或虚弱的患者的感染日益相关。目前对酿酒酵母的抗真菌药性和流行病学的定义还很不明确。对来自两个不同医学中心住院的70名骨髓移植患者的76株分离株（主要是粪便监测和咽喉拭子分离株）进行了抗真菌药敏试验和染色体DNA限制性核酸内切酶分析。对于DNA分型，应用NotI消化，然后进行脉冲场凝胶电泳。打字结果揭示了76种临床分离物中62种不同的DNA类型。尽管存在这种基因组多样性，但仍在同一单元中同时住院的不同患者之间发现了相同的分离株簇，表明可能发生了医院内传播。按照国家临床实验室标准委员会的建议，通过肉汤微量稀释法测定两性霉素B，5-氟胞嘧啶，氟康唑和伊曲康唑的MIC。抑制90％菌株的MIC如下：两性霉素B，1.0微克/毫升;两性霉素B，1.0微克/毫升。 5-氟胞嘧啶，0.25微克/毫升;氟康唑8.0微克/毫升;和伊曲康唑1.0微克/毫升。酿酒酵母对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的相对耐药性可能会促进这种物种作为免疫抑制患者中的病原体出现。

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《Journal of Clinical Microbiology》 |1996年第12期|共4页
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L Zerva; R J Hollis; M A Pfaller;
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中图分类医学微生物学（病原细菌学、病原微生物学）;
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1. Correlation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA in intestinal mucosal samples and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in serum of patients with IBD. [J] . Mallant Hent RC, Mooij M, von Blomberg BM, World Journal of Gastroenterology . 2006,第2期

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2. Suggested modifications for disk diffusion susceptibility testing criteria for levofloxacin and sparfloxacin following tests with a predictor panel of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates. [J] . L D Sutton, R N Jones Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 1995,第1期

机译：建议用耐环丙沙星临床分离株的预测指标进行试验后，对左氧氟沙星和司帕沙星的纸片扩散敏感性测试标准进行修改。
3. DNA repair synthesis during base excision repair in vitro is catalyzed by DNA polymerase epsilon and is influenced by DNA polymerases alpha and delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [J] . Z Wang, X Wu, E C Friedberg Molecular and Cellular Biology . 1993,第2期

机译：DNA聚合酶epsilon催化体外碱基切除修复过程中的DNA修复合成，并受到酿酒酵母中DNA聚合酶α和δ的影响。
4. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing In Vitro of Staphylococcus species Isolated from Bovine Clinical Mastitis [C] . Leane Oliveira, Carol Hulland, Pamela L. Ruegg Annual Meeting of The National Mastitis Council . 2012

机译：牛临床乳腺炎中葡萄球菌物种体外抗菌易感性试验
5. Immunoaffinity purification of the 180-kDa and 86-kDa subunits and in vitro reconstitution of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA primase-DNA polymerase protein complex. [D] . Brooke, Richard Glenn. 1990

机译：180 kDa和86 kDa亚基的免疫亲和纯化和酿酒酵母DNA primase-DNA聚合酶蛋白复合物的体外重组。
6. In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates. [O] . L Zerva, R J Hollis, M A Pfaller 1996

机译：酿酒酵母临床分离株的体外药敏试验和DNA分型。
7. The bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are usually performed manually. Recently, the number of samples has increased and the need for automatification has grown. BioMerieux has investigated Vitek2 for this purpose. HUSLAB has assigned us to compare the identification and antimicrobial results with respect to routine methods and Vitek2. Furthermore, we evaluate test reactions, ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) production and the time what it takes to get results with Vitek2. In this study, we examined a total of 183 bacterial isolates including 76 ESBL-strains, 40 nonfermenting rods, 41 fastidious bacteria and 26 fresh clinical isolates. The results of routine methods were gathered from the patient database and following this, compared to the results given by Vitek2. Vitek2 correctly identified more than 96 f the ESBL-strains and fresh clinical isolates. The results of nonfermenting rods and fastidious bacteri a were 70 oncordant with those of the routine methods. Test reaction results of Api20E were 94 nd Api20NE 70 n concordance with Vitek2 results. Approximately 80 f all Vitek2 antimicrobial results and 90 f ESBL test results were correct. Compared to earlier studies, Vitek2 performed the tests faster than the routine methods. These results suggest that Vitek2 is capable of giving rapid and accurate results. However, nonfermenting rods and fastidious bacteria should be studied further. [O] . Järveläinen Marika, Roslund Iira, Silander Maarit 2006

机译：细菌鉴定和抗菌药敏试验通常是手动进行的。最近，样品的数量增加了，并且对自动化的需求也在增长。 BioMerieux为此进行了Vitek2的研究。 HUSLAB已指派我们比较常规方法和Vitek2的鉴定和抗菌结果。此外，我们还评估了测试反应，ESBL（扩展频谱β-内酰胺酶）的产生以及使用Vitek2获得结果所需的时间。在这项研究中，我们检查了总共183个细菌分离株，包括76个ESBL菌株，40个非发酵棒，41个营养细菌和26个新鲜临床分离株。从患者数据库中收集常规方法的结果，然后将其与Vitek2给出的结果进行比较。 Vitek2正确鉴定出超过96种ESBL菌株和新鲜的临床分离株。与常规方法相比，非发酵棒和精制细菌的结果为70。 Api20E的测试反应结果与Vitek2结果一致为94nd Api20NE 70 n。所有Vitek2抗菌结果约80 f和ESBL测试结果90 f正确。与早期的研究相比，Vitek2的测试速度快于常规方法。这些结果表明Vitek2能够给出快速而准确的结果。但是，应进一步研究非发酵棒和营养细菌。

In vitro susceptibility testing and DNA typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates.

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