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Developmental Differences in Attentional Resolution due to Task Complexity

机译：任务复杂性导致注意力分散的发展差异

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Attentional resolution (Cavanagh & Intriligator, 2001) is defined as the smallest region in space that can be selected by visual attention. The size of this region has shown to become more fine-grained during development (Wolf & Pfeiffer, 2009). In the present study, we investigated how the attentional resolution in different age groups (grades 1, 3, 5, and 7 as compared to an adult sample) is influenced by a variation of load. Using a multiple object tracking paradigm, we varied the number of objects to manipulate the load and the distance between target and distractors to assess thresholds of attentional resolution. Results indicate a dissociation between the impact of load on adults' and children's attentional resolution. More specifically, while an increase in object number does not affect the attentional resolution of adults, it certainly does so in children. However, here an interaction could be observed. Increasing the number of objects from one to two only had an effect on the attentional resolution of the smaller children only (grades 1 and 3). For three targets, however, the attentional resolution of the older children (grades 5 and 7) was affected as well. Thus a change in attentional resolution towards a coarser resolution could be observed the more objects were involved and the smaller the children were. Our results thus touch two theoretical positions and possibly resolve their apparent contradiction. It is still an unresolved issue whether attentional resolution can be manipulated by task difficulty (Alvarez & Franconeri, 2007) or whether it is independent of any variation in task demands (Cavanagh & Intriligator, 2001). Our results indicate that attentional resolution is stable as long as the task does not touch the capacity limits of attention. If it does, a compromise between attentional resolution and attentional load has to be made.
机译：注意分辨率（Cavanagh＆Intriligator，2001）被定义为可以通过视觉注意选择的空间中的最小区域。在开发过程中，该区域的规模已变得越来越细（Wolf＆Pfeiffer，2009）。在本研究中，我们研究了负荷变化如何影响不同年龄组（与成人样本相比分别为1、3、5和7级）的注意力分辨力。使用多对象跟踪范例，我们可以改变对象的数量来控制负载，并改变目标与干扰者之间的距离，以评估注意力分辨力的阈值。结果表明，负荷对成年人和儿童注意注意力的影响是分离的。更具体地，虽然对象数量的增加不会影响成年人的注意力分辨力，但对于儿童来说肯定会如此。但是，这里可以观察到相互作用。将对象的数量从一增加到两个只会影响较小的孩子（1级和3级）的注意力分辨力。但是，对于三个目标，年龄较大的儿童（5年级和7年级）的注意力分辨力也受到影响。因此，可以观察到注意力分辨率向较粗分辨率的变化，涉及的对象越多，孩子越小。因此，我们的结果触及了两个理论立场，并可能解决了它们之间明显的矛盾。是否可以通过任务难度来操纵注意力分辨力（Alvarez＆Franconeri，2007）还是它是否与任务需求的任何变化无关（Cavanagh＆Intriligator，2001），仍是一个尚未解决的问题。我们的结果表明，只要任务没有达到注意的能力极限，注意的分辨力就会稳定。如果确实如此，则必须在注意分辨率和注意负载之间做出折衷。

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