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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution >Carnivores and Communities: A Case Study of Human-Carnivore Conflict Mitigation in Southwestern Alberta
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Carnivores and Communities: A Case Study of Human-Carnivore Conflict Mitigation in Southwestern Alberta

机译：食肉动物和社区：艾伯塔西南部人类食肉动物冲突的案例研究

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Facilitating long-term coexistence between people and large carnivores is a persistent, global conservation challenge. Evidence-based decisions to help design and implement programs that promote coexistence between people and carnivores are required. Using a case study approach, we evaluated the effectiveness of conflict mitigation efforts of a community-based program in southwestern Alberta, Canada: the Waterton Biosphere Reserve’s (WBR) Carnivores and Communities Program (CACP). The CACP’s overall goal is to support coexistence of people and large carnivores through initiatives including reducing livestock loss, damage to stored crops, and safety risks from carnivores by engaging residents in hands-on programming. We used an online survey to assess program participants’ general awareness of and motivation to engage in the CACP, safety risks associated with living with large carnivores, and attractant management and deadstock removal programming. We received 116 completed surveys. Survey results indicated that participants felt the CACP effectively reduced conflicts with large carnivores, increased their sense of safety when living with large carnivores, and enabled them to learn skills and gain confidence in using mitigation tools (e.g., bear spray). We also evaluated temporal trends in large carnivore conflicts using occurrence records (i.e., complaint data) from 1999 through 2016. We classified these data into incidents (e.g., situations where carnivores caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets) and focussed on incidents related to attractants, including deadstock. We focus our incident review on grizzly bears because most agricultural attractant incidents in the study area are caused by grizzly bears. We used a Chow test to evaluate if the 2009 CACP commencement represented a break point or structural change in the data. Although total reported incidents increased from 1999 through 2016, we show both reported attractant and deadstock-based incidents changed from increasing to decreasing after the CACP implementation in 2009. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of a contextually specific, community-based approach to addressing human-carnivore conflicts. More broadly, our evaluation and lessons learned provide other conservation organizations with a useful framework for addressing human-carnivore or other wildlife conflicts.
机译：促进人与大肠和大肉生能之间的长期共存是一种持久的全球保护挑战。基于证据的决策，以帮助设计和实施促进人与人群体与食肉动物之间共存的计划。使用案例研究方法，我们评估了加拿大西南部的社区课程冲突缓解努力的有效性：Waterton生物圈保护区（WBR）食肉动物和社区计划（CACP）。 CACP的总体目标是通过倡议支持人员和大型食肉动物的共存，包括减少牲畜损失，对储存作物的损害，通过从动手编程中使用居民来源的储存作物以及食肉动物的安全风险。我们使用了在线调查，评估计划参与者的一般性认识，以从事大型肉食病毒和患有大型食肉动物的安全风险，以及吸引人的管理和死气去除编程。我们收到了116份完成的调查。调查结果表明，参与者认为CACP有效地减少了大型肉食病毒的冲突，在大食品中生活时，他们的安全感增加，并使他们能够学习技能并利用缓解工具（例如，熊喷雾）。我们还使用1999年至2016年的出现记录（即投诉数据）评估大肉食内发生冲突的时间趋势。我们将这些数据分为事件（例如，肉食病毒导致财产损害，获得人为食物，杀死或试图杀死牲畜或杀死牲畜宠物）并侧重于与吸引人有关的事件，包括死气。我们专注于灰熊的事件评论，因为研究区域的大多数农业引诱事件是由灰熊引起的。我们使用了一个Chow测试来评估2009 CACP开始代表数据中的断点或结构变化。虽然报告的事件从1999年到2016年增加，但我们展示了报告的引诱剂和基于死亡的事件，从增加到2009年的CACP实施后的减少。我们的结果表明了语境上具体，社区的方法来解决人类的有效性 - 肉食动物冲突。更广泛地，我们的评估和经验教训提供了有助于解决人类食肉动物或其他野生动物冲突的有用框架的其他保护组织。

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