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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Marine Science >Stable Isotopic Evidence of Mixotrophy in Xylophagaids, Deep-Sea Wood-Boring Bivalves
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Stable Isotopic Evidence of Mixotrophy in Xylophagaids, Deep-Sea Wood-Boring Bivalves

机译：木质制造稳定同位素证据，深海木材镗孔纤维植物

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Deep-sea wood-boring xylophagaid bivalves are thought to ingest only wood and to use nitrogen fixed by their symbiotic microbes. Reconsidering this assumption, we tested whether d13C and d15N isotopic values of ten species in four xylophagaid genera collected between 18 m and 4626 m depth suggest that some may use different trophic strategies. Isotopic signatures of six species were entirely consistent with predicted xylophagy, but four species, three members of the Xylophaga dorsalis clade and Abditoconus heterosiphon, had d15N signatures over 3.7‰, significantly higher than the value predicted for nitrogen fixed by bacteria. These species may supplement freshly fixed nitrogen with an alternate source, such as particulate organic material. Although the animals’ reduced palps and the lack of microbes in the gut of laboratory-maintained specimens were cited as arguing against filter feeding, the animals may filter feed opportunistically. Abditoconus heterosiphon was unique in having d13C signatures more negative than the wood into which they bored, inconsistent with cellulose consumption, and d15N values higher than predicted for nitrogen fixed by bacteria. We suggest that greater trophic diversity may exist among xylophagaids than has been expected. Ecological studies of wood-fall communities cannot assume that the entire community is sustained only by wood-bound energy. We attribute variation in d13C signatures among 42 specimens of X. s.l. zierenbergi from six collections, five at the same depth, to variation in the type of wood bored. Investigators beginning food web studies should sample xylophagaids and wood itself; if the deployment is large, repeated samples of the wood, closely matched to xylophagaids, may be necessarily to fully define the substrate’s stable isotopic signal.
机译：深海木材无聊的木糖双抗体被认为只能摄取木材并使用它们的共生微生物固定的氮。重新考虑这种假设，我们测试了在18米和4626米的四种木藻属中的十种种类的D13C和D15N同位素值是否建议有些人可以使用不同的营养策略。六种物种的同位素签名与预测的木糖完全一致，但是四种物种，Xylophaga Dorsalis Clade和Abditoconus heterosiphon的三种成员，具有超过3.7的D15N签名，显着高于细菌固定的氮气预测的值。这些物种可以用交替的源来补充新鲜固定的氮，例如颗粒状有机材料。虽然动物的降低的PARP和肠道内的微生物在实验室维持的标本中被引用，但避免过滤器喂养，但这些动物可能会机会吸收饲料。 Abditoconus heteroSiphon具有比它们钻孔的D13C签名更负的D13C签名，与纤维素消耗不一致，D15N值高于预测细菌的氮气。我们建议在木质蛋白中可能存在更大的营养多样性而不是预期的。对木落社区的生态研究不能假设整个社区仅受到木材束缚能量的依赖。我们在X. S.L的42个标本中的D13C签名中的变化。 Zierenbergi从六个集合，五个在相同的深度，到钻孔类型的变化。调查人员开始食物网络研究应该呈现木糖和木材本身;如果展开大，则木材的重复样品，与木质蛋白相匹配，可能必须完全定义底物的稳定同位素信号。

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