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Antiretroviral drugs found in pork on Ugandan market: Implications for HIV/AIDS treatment

机译：在乌干达市场猪肉中发现的抗逆转录病毒药物：对艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗的影响

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Access to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has increased over time as aresult of global initiatives such as the 90–90-90 strategy [1]. Increasedaccess to ARVs could be associated with ARVs off-label use includingusing them as immune boosters for domestic and farm animals. InUganda pig feeds have reportedly been adulterated with ARVs for si-milar reasons [2]. Efavirenz, nevirapine and tenofovir are among theARVs used as pig immune boosters in Uganda. Efavirenz and nevirapineare largely metabolized through the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) pathways.Farm pigs and humans have been reported to have equivalent amountsof CYPs within the liver [3,4]. For instance there is 81.1% DNA se-quence homology between the major human efavirenz metabolizingenzyme CYP2B6 and the equivalent porcine CYP2B22 [5]. Althoughphosphorylation, the primary metabolic pathway for tenofovir, has notbeen well characterized in pigs, other phase ii pathways such as sul-fonation are slower in pigs than in humans [5]. Given the prolongedhalf-life (t 1/2 ) of all three drugs [6,7], there is potential for significantresidual amounts of any or all the three drugs in pork at slaughter aswell as sell points.
机译：进入抗逆转录病毒药物（ARV）随着时间的推移而增加，因为全球倡议的遗漏如90-90-90策略[1]。 ARV的增加可能与ARVS Off-Label Use相关联，包括他们作为国内和农场动物的免疫助推器。据报道，南美猪饲料已经掺杂术语，因为Si-milar的原因[2]。 Efaviraz，Nevirapine和Tenofovir是乌干达猪免疫助推器的粪便中。 Efaviraz和Nevirapineare主要通过细胞色素p-450（CYP）途径代谢。据报道，猪和人类已经肝脏在肝脏内具有相同的CYPS [3,4]。例如，在主要人类EFAVIRENEND代谢酶CYP2B6和等效猪CYP2B22 [5]之间存在81.1％的DNA SE淬火同源性。尽管磷酸化，替诺福韦的主要代谢途径在猪中具有很好的特征，其他II期途径如苏共舞的途径比人类更慢[5]。鉴于所有三种药物的延长型 - 寿命（T 1/2）[6,7]，屠宰场时猪肉中猪肉中的任何或所有三种药物都有潜力潜力。

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