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首页> 外文期刊>Physical Review Physics Education Research >Beneath the numbers: A review of gender disparities in undergraduate education across science, technology, engineering, and math disciplines
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Beneath the numbers: A review of gender disparities in undergraduate education across science, technology, engineering, and math disciplines

机译：数字下面：科学，技术，工程和数学学科本科教育中的性别差异综述

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[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Gender in Physics.] This focused collection explores inequalities in the experiences of women in physics. Yet, it is important for researchers to also be aware of and draw insights from common patterns in the experiences of women across science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Here, we review studies on gender disparities across college STEM on measures that have been correlated with retention. These include disparities in academic performance, engagement, self-efficacy, belonging, and identity. We argue that observable factors such as persistence, performance, and engagement can inform researchers about what populations are disadvantaged in a STEM classroom or program, but we need to measure underlying mechanisms to understand how these inequalities arise. We present a framework that helps connect larger sociocultural factors, including stereotypes and gendered socialization, to student affect and observable behaviors in STEM contexts. We highlight four mechanisms that demonstrate how sociocultural factors could impact women in STEM classrooms and majors. We end with a set of recommendations for how we can more holistically evaluate the experiences of women in STEM to help mitigate the underlying inequities instead of applying a quick fix.
机译：[本文是物理性别的重点收集的一部分。]这种集中的收集探讨了物理学中女性经验的不平等。然而，研究人员很重要，也意识到并在科学，技术，工程和数学（Stew）学科中妇女经验中的共同模式中的洞察力。在这里，我们审查关于跨学院的性别差异对与保留相关的措施的研究。这些包括学术表现，参与，自我效能，归属和身份的差异。我们争辩说，持久性，表现和参与等可观察因素可以通知研究人员在茎课堂或计划中缺失的群体，但我们需要衡量底层机制，以了解这些不平等的出现方式。我们提出了一个有助于连接更大的社会文化因素，包括刻板印象和性别社会化的框架，对茎上背景中的学生影响和可观察行为。我们突出了四种机制，证明了社会文化因素如何影响患有干课堂和专业的妇女。我们结束了一套建议，我们如何更全身地评估茎中妇女的经验，帮助减轻潜在的不公平，而不是应用快速修复。

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