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首页> 外文期刊>Ecosphere >Stable isotopes of amino acids indicate that soil decomposer microarthropods predominantly feed on saprotrophic fungi
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Stable isotopes of amino acids indicate that soil decomposer microarthropods predominantly feed on saprotrophic fungi

机译：氨基酸的稳定同位素表明，土壤分解器微型接受量主要针对嗜血养真菌饲料

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Soil microarthropods are essential for nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems as they are integral components of decomposer food webs. They channel carbon and nutrients from leaf litter and roots to higher trophic levels; however, knowledge on the relative importance of different channels and on their variation with forest type is lacking. Although the importance of root‐derived inputs for sustaining soil food webs is increasingly recognized, the pathways by which they are channeled to higher trophic levels are little understood. For the channeling, ectomycorrhizal fungi may play a significant role, but until now methods allowing to separate the contribution of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi to the nutrition of soil animal communities are lacking. Using dual analysis of~(15)N and~(13)C in amino acids (AAs), we investigated trophic positions and basal resources of two major groups of soil microarthropods, Collembola and Oribatida, in beech and spruce forests in Germany. By applying a~(13)C fingerprinting approach and Bayesian mixing models, we separated in a first step the relative contribution of bacteria, fungi, and plants to the nutrition of soil microarthropods. As fungi were identified as the major food source, in a second step we attempted to separate the contribution of ectomycorrhizal vs. saprotrophic fungi. For the first time, we provide direct evidence that soil microarthropods mainly rely on saprotrophic fungi, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi are consumed by only few species. While trophic niches of Collembola and Oribatida species generally varied little between beech and spruce forests, plant detritus as basal resource of soil microarthropods was somewhat more important in beech forests, whereas in spruce forests microbial resources dominated. Overall, the dual analysis of carbon and nitrogen in AAs provided insight into food web structure of soil microarthropods in unprecedented detail, and for the first time allowed to estimate the relative importance of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi for soil food web nutrition, a long‐standing riddle in soil food web ecology. The technique provides the perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the trophic structure and energy channeling in soil food webs.
机译：土壤微育对于森林生态系统中的营养循环至关重要，因为它们是分解器食品网的组成部分。它们与叶子垃圾和根部的碳和营养素沟通到更高的营养水平;然而，缺乏关于不同渠道的相对重要性以及与森林类型变异的知识。虽然越来越识别了维持土壤食物网的根源输入的重要性，但它们被引导到更高营养水平的途径几乎没有理解。对于通道，突出菌毒性真菌可能发挥重要作用，但直到现在缺乏对土壤动物社区的营养营养的方法缺乏。在氨基酸（AAS）中使用〜（15）N和〜（13）C的双分析，我们研究了德国山毛榉和云杉森林中两种主要群体的营养职位和基础资源。通过应用〜（13）C指纹识别方法和贝叶斯混合模型，我们在第一步中分开了细菌，真菌和植物对土壤微育的营养的相对贡献。由于真菌被确定为主要食物来源，在第二步中，我们试图分离突出菌毒性真菌的贡献。我们首次提供直接证据，即土壤微征主要依赖于嗜血性真菌，而厄古菌根真菌仅被少数物种消耗。虽然Collembola和oribatida种类的营养型巨石通常在山毛榉和云杉森林之间变化，但植物Detritus作为土壤微育的基础资源在山毛榉森林中有点重要，而在云杉森林中的微生物资源占主导地位。总体而言，AA中的碳和氮的双重分析为未识别的细节提供了对土壤微征性的食物网结构，并且首次允许估算菌根和嗜血癖真菌对土壤食品Web营养的相对重要性，是一种长期的土壤食品网生态的谜语。该技术提供了综合了解土壤食品网中的营养结构和能量渠道的透视图。

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