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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Public Health >Editorial: Using Cells in Epidemiological Studies to Characterize Individual Response to Environmental Hazards
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Editorial: Using Cells in Epidemiological Studies to Characterize Individual Response to Environmental Hazards

机译：社论：使用流行病学研究中的细胞，以表征对环境危害的个人反应

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The current advances in whole genome sequencing provided mounting evidence abouthuman genetic variability (1). Genetic variability largely contributes to the differences in individualresponses to chemicals; however, translation of individual or population-wide genomic data intoprediction of human phenotypical responses to external factors remains problematic (2–4). Inthis regard, studying responses of cells derived from individuals represent an opportunity to gaininsight into both individual susceptibility and population-wide variability to the known or potentialenvironmental toxicants. In many aspects, studying of in vitro cellular responses to xenobiotics issimilar to the in vivo challenge tests, such as oral glucose tolerance test (determining predispositionto developing type 2 diabetes) (5) or exercise test (used for the diagnosis of obstructive coronaryartery disease) (6). The main purpose of the challenge testing is to rank individuals as more or lesssusceptible to a challenge. Cell-based testing with exposure to xenobiotics follows the same concept,providing information for risk stratification in epidemiological studies. Donor-specific cells can beused as a proxy of individuals to assess susceptibility to external factors. Ranking of individualsby cellular responses translates genetic variability into biologically meaningful endpoints, such aschanges in cell cycle progression, death, or differentiation. Furthermore, cell-based assays mayexamine metabolic transformations as well as the role of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria,in variability of donor-specific responses. Thus, cellular responses can potentially portray individualsensitivity or resilience to environmental toxicants and ultimately serve as a foundation for theanalysis of population-wide variability in phenotypical responses to xenobiotics. These researchareas have explored how and whether human variability in response to possible exposures canbe accessed using human cells. Currently, human cells are used in cell-based toxicology—afast growing field that has both advantages (low cost and human relevance) and deficiencies(availability of human cells and lack of standardization). Building upon the methods of cellulartoxicology, cellular epidemiology can advance assessment of human susceptibility (or resilience) toenvironmental pressures. The presented collection of five manuscripts provides an interdisciplinaryperspective on the potential of moving epidemiology to a new level in the characterization ofindividual susceptibility to environmental exposures.
机译：整个基因组测序的目前进展提供了关于非洲遗传变异性的安装证据（1）。遗传变异很大程度上有助于化学物质的个别差异;然而，对外部因素的人类表型反应的个体或人群宽的基因组数据的翻译仍然存在问题（2-4）。考虑到，研究来自个人的细胞的反应代表了损益于患有已知或潜在环境的个体易感性和人口范围的可变性的机会。在许多方面，研究对异种素的体外细胞反应与体内攻击试验，如口服葡萄糖耐量试验（确定倾向于发育2型糖尿病）或运动试验（用于诊断阻塞性冠状动脉疾病） （6）。挑战检测的主要目的是对挑战的挑战更加或不足以等待个人。基于细胞的测试，具有暴露于异卵虫，遵循相同的概念，提供流行病学研究中风险分层的信息。捐赠者特异性细胞可以作为个人的代理被融合，以评估对外部因素的敏感性。个体细胞反应的排名将遗传变异转化为生物学有意义的终点，细胞周期进展，死亡或分化中的诸如Celliation的accanges。此外，基于细胞的测定可能申请表达代谢转化以及细胞细胞细胞的作用，例如线粒体，在供体特异性反应的可变性中。因此，细胞反应可能潜在地描绘了对环境毒物的个体敏感性或弹性，并最终作为对生物学的表型反应中的人口宽变异性的基础。这些研究探索了如何以及人类的可变性如何以及使用人体细胞可以访问可能的曝光。目前，人体细胞用于基于细胞的毒理学 - 多余的生长领域，其具有优势（成本低，人类相关性）和缺陷（人体细胞的可用性和缺乏标准化）。建立扦插毒理学方法，细胞流行病学可以推进人类敏感性（或韧带）营养的评估。呈现的五个稿件的收集提供了跨域跨越互动的攻击性流行病学的潜力，以在对环境暴露的特征性易感性的表征中进行新水平。

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