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Environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities: applied innovative solutions for energy efficiency, pollution reduction, and urban metabolism

机译：环境数据驱动的智能可持续城市：应用创新解决方案，以实现能源效率，减少污染和城市新陈代谢

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The IoT and big data technologies have become essential to the functioning of both smart cities and sustainable cities, and thus, urban operational functioning and planning are becoming highly responsive to a form of data-driven urbanism. This offers the prospect of building models of smart sustainable cities functioning in real time from routinely sensed data. This in turn allows to monitor, understand, analyze, and plan such cities to improve their energy efficiency and environmental health in real time thanks to new urban intelligence functions as an advanced form of decision support. However, prior studies tend to deal largely with data-driven technologies and solutions in the realm of smart cities, mostly in relation to economic and social aspects, leaving important questions involving the underlying substantive and synergistic effects on environmental sustainability barely explored to date. These issues also apply to sustainable cities, especially eco-cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the potential and role of data-driven smart solutions in improving and advancing environmental sustainability in the context of smart cities as well as sustainable cities, under what can be labeled “environmentally data-driven smart sustainable cities.” To illuminate this emerging urban phenomenon, a descriptive/illustrative case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology§ to examine and compare Stockholm and Barcelona as the ecologically and technologically leading cities in Europe respectively. The results show that smart grids, smart meters, smart buildings, smart environmental monitoring, and smart urban metabolism are the main data-driven smart solutions applied for improving and advancing environmental sustainability in both eco-cities and smart cities. There is a clear synergy between such solutions in terms of their interaction or cooperation to produce combined effects greater than the sum of their separate effects—with respect to the environment. This involves energy efficiency improvement, environmental pollution reduction, renewable energy adoption, and real-time feedback on energy flows, with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Stockholm takes the lead over Barcelona as regards the best practices for environmental sustainability given its long history of environmental work, strong environmental policy, progressive environmental performance, high environmental standards, and ambitious goals. It also has, like Barcelona, a high level of the implementation of applied data-driven technology solutions in the areas of energy and environment. However, the two cities differ in the nature of such implementation. We conclude that city governments do not have a unified agenda as a form of strategic planning, and data-driven decisions are unique to each city, so are environmental challenges. Big data are the answer, but each city sets its own questions based on what characterize it in terms of visions, policies, strategies, pathways, and priorities.
机译：IOT和大数据技术对智能城市和可持续城市的运作至关重要，因此，城市业务运作和规划对一种数据驱动的城市主义形式变得高度响应。这提供了从经常感知的数据实时运行的智能可持续城市建筑模型的前景。这反过来允许在新的城市情报职能作为决策支持的先进形式，监测，理解，分析和计划等城市实时提高能源效率和环境健康。然而，事先研究倾向于在很大程度上与智能城市领域的数据驱动技术和解决方案有关，主要与经济和社会方面有关，留下了涉及迄今为止的环境可持续性的潜在实质性和协同影响的重要问题。这些问题也适用于可持续城市，特别是生态城市。因此，本文调查了数据驱动的智能解决方案在智能城市和可持续城市的背景下改善和推进环境可持续性的潜力和作用，在可以标记为“无害环境数据驱动的智能可持续城市”。为了照亮这种新兴的城市现象，采用了一种描述性/说明性案例研究，作为定性研究方法§分别检查和比较斯德哥尔摩和巴塞罗那作为欧洲的生态和技术领先城市。结果表明，智能电网，智能电表，智能建筑，智能环境监测和智能城市代谢是主要的数据驱动智能解决方案，适用于改善和推进生态城市和智能城市的环境可持续性。在其互动或合作方面存在明确的协同作用，以产生比其单独效应的总和 - 关于环境的组合效果。这涉及能源效率提高，环境污染减少，可再生能源采用以及对能量流动的实时反馈，具有高的时间和空间分辨率。斯德哥尔摩以其悠久的环境工作历史，强大的环境政策，进步环境绩效，高环境标准和雄心勃勃的目标为导致巴塞罗那领先的环境可持续性的最佳实践。它也像巴塞罗那一样，在能源和环境领域应用了高水平的应用数据驱动技术解决方案。然而，这两个城市的性质在这种实施的性质方面不同。我们得出结论，城市各国政府没有统一议程，作为战略规划的形式，数据驱动的决策对每个城市都是独一无二的，环境挑战也是如此。大数据是答案，但每个城市都根据愿景，政策，策略，途径和优先事项来设置自己的问题。

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