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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Medical Education >Developing and implementing core competencies in children’s environmental health for students, trainees and healthcare providers: a narrative review
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Developing and implementing core competencies in children’s environmental health for students, trainees and healthcare providers: a narrative review

机译：为学生，学员和医疗保健提供者制定和实施儿童环境健康的核心竞争力：叙述审查

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Knowledge of the health impacts of environmental exposures (such as pollution disasters, poor air quality, water contamination, climate change) on children’s health has dramatically increased in the past 40?years. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 23% of all deaths worldwide were attributable to the environment, and 26% of deaths in children less than 5?years old could be prevented with removal of environmental risks factors. Yet, little has permeated medical education, leaving pediatric providers ill equipped to address these issues. To address this gap, members from the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units, a United States nationwide network of academically affiliated experts who have created numerous environmental health educational materials and programs, have identified fifteen core environmental health (EH) competencies needed by health care providers to enable them to effectively address environmental health concerns. These competencies can serve as the foundation for the development and implementation of relevant educational programs. The core EH competencies are based upon these foundational elements: 1) Definition of “children’s environmental health” that describes how environmental exposures (positive and negative) in early life influence the health and development in childhood and across the entire human life span 2) Children are not “little adults” and so have unique vulnerabilities to environmental hazards; 3) Environmental health inequities exist, causing some children to have a disproportionate amount of unhealthy exposures and consequently a greater risk of adverse effects; 4) Climate change will translate to numerous adverse health effects that will particularly affect children worldwide. In this article, the authors describe the core environmental health competencies and provide resources, online tools, strategies, and examples targeted to all levels of training and practice to better enable leaders and educators to bring this important content to the forefront.
机译：在过去的40岁时，对儿童健康的健康状况（如污染灾害，空气质量，水污染，气候变化不足，气候变化，气候变化，气候变化差，气候变化差，气候变化差，气候变化不佳）。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）估计全世界所有死亡人员占对环境的归因于环境，26％的儿童死亡人数少于5岁？岁月可以防止拆除环境风险因素。然而，很少有渗透的医学教育，留下的小儿科提供者能够解决这些问题。为解决这一差距，小儿环境卫生专业部门的成员，美国全国性的学者附属专家网络创造了众多环境健康教育材料和方案，已经确定了医疗保健提供者所需的十五核心环境健康（EH）竞争力使他们能够有效地解决环境健康问题。这些能力可以作为相关教育计划的制定和实施的基础。核心EH能力基于这些基础元素：1）“儿童环境健康”的定义，描述了早期生活中的环境暴露（积极和负面）影响童年的健康和发展以及整个人类生命跨度2）儿童不是“小成年人”，所以对环境危害有独特的脆弱性; 3）存在环境健康的不公平，导致一些儿童具有不成比例的不良曝光量，从而具有更大的不利影响风险; 4）气候变化将转化为众多不良健康影响，这将特别影响全世界的儿童。在本文中，提交人描述了核心环境卫生能力，并提供针对各级培训和实践的资源，在线工具，策略和示例，以更好地使领导者和教育者为最前沿为最前沿提供这一重要内容。

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