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Epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China: A multicenter retrospective study

机译：Covid-19在中国小儿患者的流行病学特征及临床表现：多中心回顾性研究

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Importance The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic poses a considerable challenge for pediatricians. Objective This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China. Methods This multicenter retrospective study included pediatric patients from 46 hospitals in China, covering 12 provinces and two municipalities. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. Results In total, 211 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The median age was 7.0 years (range: 22 days to 18 years). Approximately 16.3% of the patients exhibited asymptomatic infections, 23.0% had upper respiratory tract infections, and 60.7% had pneumonia, including two with severe pneumonia and one with critical illness. Approximately 78.7% of the pediatric patients occurred in familial clusters. The most three common symptoms or signs at onset in children with COVID-19 were fever (54.5%), cough (49.3%), and pharyngeal congestion (20.8%). Only 17.6% of the patients presented with decreased lymphocyte count, whereas 13.6% had increased lymphocyte count. Among the patients with pneumonia who exhibited abnormal chest computed tomography findings, 18.2% (23/127) of the patients had no other symptoms. Generally, the chest radiographs showed abnormalities that affected both lungs (49.6%); ground-glass opacity (47.2%) was the most common manifestation. The cure and improvement rates were 86.7% (183/211) and 13.3% (28/211), respectively. Only one patient with an underlying condition received invasive mechanical ventilation; none of the patients died. Interpretation Similar to adults, children of all age groups are susceptible to COVID-19. Fortunately, most pediatric patients have mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic, despite the high incidence of pneumonia. Decreased proportions of white blood cells and lymphocytes are less frequent in children than in adults.
机译：重要性冠状病毒疾病2019（Covid-19）全球大流行对儿科医生构成了相当大的挑战。目的本研究旨在确定中国Covid-19儿科患者的流行病学特征和临床特征。方法本多中心回顾性研究包括来自中国46家医院的儿科患者，涵盖了12个省和两个城市。分析了流行病学，人口统计学，临床，实验室，治疗和结果数据。结果总共211例Covid-19患者纳入本研究。中位年龄为7.0岁（范围：22天至18岁）。大约16.3％的患者表现出无症状感染，23.0％具有上呼吸道感染，60.7％患有肺炎，其中两种具有严重的肺炎和患病患者。大约78.7％的儿科患者发生在家庭簇中。 Covid-19儿童发病中最多的三种常见症状或迹象是发烧（54.5％），咳嗽（49.3％）和咽部充血（20.8％）。只有17.6％的患者患有淋巴细胞计数下降，而13.6％有淋巴细胞计数增加。在患有异常胸部计算断层摄影结果的肺炎患者中，18.2％（23/127）的患者没有其他症状。一般来说，胸部射线照片显示出影响肺部的异常（49.6％）;底玻璃不透明度（47.2％）是最常见的表现形式。固化和改善率分别为86.7％（183/211）和13.3％（28/211）。只有一个患有潜在条件的患者接受了侵入性机械通气;没有一个患者死亡。诠释与成年人相似，所有年龄段的儿童都易于Covid-19。幸运的是，尽管肺炎发病率高，但大多数儿科患者症状轻微或仍然无症状。儿童的白细胞和淋巴细胞的比例降低而不是成年人的频繁。

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