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Intellectual mercantilism and franchise equity: A critical study of the ecological political economy of international payments for ecosystem services

机译：智力重商主义和特许经营权：对生态系统服务国际支付的生态政治经济学的批判性研究

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摘要

This text addresses the ecological political economy of international payment for ecosystem services (IPES). Taking the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) as a case in point, it asks: in what ways may IPES schemes impinge upon the political and economic autonomy of local and indigenous peoples in tropical countries? It is argued that PES schemes like REDD should be assessed not only with respect to questions of distributional equity (does everyone have enough pie?) but also with respect to franchise equity (does everyone want pie?) and that failure to take questions of franchise equity into account in IPES schemes reflects a form or intellectual mercantilism, where wealth transfers from new economies to old ones are achieved by redefining existing locally available resources as internationally tradable speculative commodities. This proposition is considered through exploration of two illustrative cases - the REDD+ Social and Environmental Standards (REDD+ SES) and the Yasuni-ITT initiative - and through normative political theory recommendations building on Dryzek and Stevenson's discussion of deliberative systems, regarding how it might be possible to ensure franchise equity within REDD+ in particular and within global environmental governance, more generally.
机译：本文讨论了国际生态系统服务付款（IPES）的生态政治经济学。以联合国减少发展中国家森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放的合作方案（REDD）为例，它问：IPES方案可能以何种方式影响热带国家当地和土著人民的政治和经济自主权？有论点认为，像REDD这样的PES计划不仅应该在分配公平问题（每个人都拥有足够的馅饼吗？）方面进行评估，而且还应该在特许权公平方面（每个人都想得到馅饼吗？）以及对特许经营问题的失败进行评估。 IPES计划中考虑的公平反映了一种形式或知识上的重商主义，其中，通过将现有的当地现有资源重新定义为国际可交易的投机商品，实现了从新经济向旧经济的财富转移。通过探讨两个说明性案例（REDD +社会和环境标准（REDD + SES）和Yasuni-ITT倡议），以及通过基于Dryzek和Stevenson对审议系统的讨论的规范性政治理论建议，来考虑这一建议。尤其是要确保REDD +以及全球环境治理中的特许经营权公平。

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