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Are CO_2 taxes regressive? Evidence from the Danish experience

机译：CO_2税有退税吗？丹麦经验的证据

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摘要

Denmark today carries one of the heaviest environmental tax burdens in the world, bringing in around 10% of public revenues. While evaluations have shown that the Danish CO_2 and other environmental taxes work as an effective measure to reduce emissions, a considerable barrier to increased use of these instruments today seems to be a widespread perception of their socially adverse effects. In this article, it is demonstrated that CO_2 taxes imposed on energy consumption in households, as well as in industry, do in fact tend to be regressive, and therefore have undesirable distributional effects. This holds especially for taxes imposed directly on households. To analyze this, we apply national consumer survey statistics in combination with input-output tables.
机译：今天，丹麦承担着世界上最重的环境税负担之一，约占公共收入的10％。虽然评估表明丹麦的CO_2税和其他环境税是减少排放的有效措施，但如今增加使用这些工具的巨大障碍似乎已成为人们对其社会不利影响的普遍认识。在本文中，证明了对家庭以及工业中的能源消耗征收的CO_2税实际上确实具有累退性，因此具有不良的分配效应。这尤其适用于直接向家庭征收的税收。为了对此进行分析，我们将全国消费者调查统计数据与投入产出表结合使用。

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