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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus)
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Nest height, nest concealment, and predator type predict nest predation in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus)

机译：巢的高度，巢的隐蔽性和捕食者类型可预测精湛的神仙wr（Malurus cyaneus）中的巢捕食

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摘要

Three factors and their interaction effects are increasingly recognized as important determinants of nest predation: nest concealment, nest height, and predator type. The risk of nest predation is predicted to vary across these variables because of nest detectability and accessibility. In general, however, few studies examine how these three variables interact in relation to nest predation, focusing instead on either nest concealment or nest height (whereby predator identity is usually not known). In this study, we examine the role of nest concealment and nest height for nest survival using both artificial and natural nests in the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus). We indirectly identified potential predators through marks left on artificial eggs and footprints left on tracking tunnels. Predation level at artificial nests was lower than at natural nests, and this could be due to a failure of some nest predators to locate cryptic nests in the absence of cues provided by parental activity. Our results supported the prediction that exposed and concealed nests have different levels of nest predation, which can be explained by variation in predator type. Visual predators were only detected at exposed nests, and survival from visual predators was lower for high nests that were also exposed. However, olfactory predators were detected irrespective of nest height or nest concealment. Because rodents use olfac-tion to locate nests, this could explain the lack of association between nest concealment and predation outcome at low nests. In addition, rodent footmarks near nests were significantly associated with rodent tooth marks on eggs.
机译：越来越多地认识到三个因素及其相互作用效应是巢捕食的重要决定因素：巢藏匿度，巢高和捕食者类型。由于巢的可检测性和可及性，预计巢捕食的风险会在这些变量之间变化。但是，总的来说，很少有研究检查这三个变量与巢捕食之间的相互作用，而侧重于巢藏匿或巢高（因此通常不知道捕食者的身份）。在这项研究中，我们研究了使用精良的神仙Ma（Malurus cyaneus）中的人工窝和天然窝来掩盖窝藏高度和巢高度对生存的作用。我们通过在人造鸡蛋上留下的标记和在跟踪隧道上留下的足迹间接识别了潜在的掠食者。人工巢的捕食水平低于自然巢，这可能是由于在没有父母活动提供的线索的情况下，某些巢捕食者无法定位隐巢。我们的结果支持以下预测：裸露和隐蔽的巢具有不同级别的巢捕食，这可以通过捕食者类型的变化来解释。视觉掠食者仅在裸露的巢中被检测到，对于同样暴露的高巢，视觉掠食者的存活率较低。然而，嗅觉掠食者被发现与巢高度或巢隐藏无关。由于啮齿动物利用嗅觉来定位巢穴，因此可以解释低巢穴时巢藏匿性与捕食结果之间缺乏关联。此外，巢附近的啮齿动物足迹与蛋上的啮齿动物齿痕显着相关。

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