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机译：停止写作

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TO THE DELIGHT of campaigners and some parents, covid-19 has put a wrench in school exams. With support from the Trump administration, all 50 states cancelled accountability testing last March, freeing 51m public-school pupils from the annual rigmarole. The SATS optional essay-writing section and separate subject tests were discontinued this year. The Programme for International Student Assessment, an exam measuring the academic performance of OECD member countries, and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), a nationwide exam administered to a sample of American pupils, have been postponed too. With opposition building for years against standardised testing in public schools, could this be the end?

机译：对于竞选人员和一些父母而言，Covid-19在学校考试中造成了扳手。通过支持特朗普政府的支持，所有50个州去年3月取消了问责制检测，从年度rigmarole中释放了51米的公立学生。 SATS可选的文章 - 写作部分和单独的科目测试是今年停止的。国际学生评估计划，考试衡量经合组织成员国的学术绩效，以及向美国学生样本的全国范围内进行的全国教育进展评估（NAEP），也推迟了。在公立学校的标准测试多年来与反对建筑物，这可能是最终？

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《The economist》 |2021年第9234期|共1页
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7. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices—Summary Article A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines) 11This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Board of Trustees in September 2002, the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2002, and the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology in August 2002.22The ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that might arise as a result of an outside relationship or personal interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing panel are asked to provide disclosure statements of all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. These statements are reviewed by the parent task force, reported orally to all members of the writing panel at the first meeting, and updated as changes occur. The conflict of interest information for the writing committee members is posted on the ACC, AHA, and NASPE Web sites with the full-length version of the update.33When citing this document, the ACC, the AHA, and NASPE would appreciate the following citation format: Gregoratos G, Abrams J, Epstein AE, Freedman RA, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Kerber RE, Naccarelli GV, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Winters SL. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices—Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines). J Am Coll Cardiol2002;40:1703–19.44Copies: This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the ACC (www.acc.org) and the AHA (www.americanheart.org). A single copy of the complete guidelines is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Resource Center, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699 (ask for No. 71-0237). To obtain a copy of the Summary Article, ask for reprint No. 71-0236. To purchase additional reprints (specify version and reprint number): up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 410-528-4426, fax 410-528-4264, or e-mail kbradle@lww.com.55(J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1703–19.)66©2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc. [O] . Gregoratos Gabriel, Abrams Jonathan, Epstein Andrew E, 2002

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