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Technological innovations to assess and include the human dimension in the building-performance loop: A review

机译：评估和将人为因素纳入建筑性能循环的技术创新：回顾

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The human dimension plays an essential role in the energy performance of buildings and is considered as significant as technological advances. Several studies highlighted the negative influence of occupant behaviour in underperforming buildings, while some support that technological innovations may reduce human-related uncertainties. Thus, one may consider that fully automated smart buildings are essential to achieve energy efficiency. However, if technology excludes people from decision-making processes, low acceptance and comfort/welfare levels may be reported from users. Therefore, the right combination of humans and technologies are expected to solve these problems. Buildings are emerging as complex Cyber-Physical Systems, including the Social dimension, and this provides an excellent opportunity to achieve high-performance outcomes, considering both technical and social aspects. Thus, the right choice among available up-to-date behavioural sensing - comprising active and passive sensors, as well as Kinect technology - are important in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) era. IoT-driven buildings can use real-time monitoring data to inform users and drive behavioural-based consumption change, which is an important aspect to achieve high-performance buildings and deliver user-centred services. An essential feature in this regard is to allow for human-in-the-loop approaches enabled by human-centric computing and smart devices, which has grown fast in the last few years. This literature review summarises applications and main challenges related to the combination of the human dimension and technological innovations in the building sector. This combination is expected to increase user welfare and reduce the energy consumption in buildings, as human and machine components of intelligence may complement each other regarding building performance. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：人的因素在建筑物的能源性能中起着至关重要的作用，并且被认为与技术进步一样重要。多项研究强调了居住者行为对表现不佳的建筑物的负面影响，而一些研究则支持技术创新可以减少与人有关的不确定性。因此，人们可能认为全自动智能建筑对于实现能源效率至关重要。但是，如果技术将人们排除在决策过程之外，则用户可能会报告接受度和舒适度/福利水平低。因此，人类和技术的正确结合有望解决这些问题。考虑到技术和社会方面的问题，建筑物正在成为复杂的网络物理系统，包括社会维度，这为实现高性能成果提供了绝佳的机会。因此，在物联网（IoT）时代中，在可用的最新行为感知（包括主动和被动传感器以及Kinect技术）中进行正确选择非常重要。物联网驱动的建筑物可以使用实时监控数据来通知用户，并推动基于行为的消费变化，这是实现高性能建筑物和提供以用户为中心的服务的重要方面。在这方面，一个基本特征是允许以人为中心的计算和智能设备支持的人在环方法，该方法在最近几年中发展迅速。这篇文献综述总结了与人类维度和建筑领域技术创新相结合的应用和主要挑战。预计这种结合将增加用户的福利并减少建筑物中的能源消耗，因为智能的人和机器组件可能在建筑物性能方面相互补充。 （C）2019 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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