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首页> 外文期刊>Energy Conversion & Management >Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst
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Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel by using waste obtuse horn shell-derived CaO catalyst

机译：通过使用废钝角壳衍生的CaO催化剂将棕榈油酯交换为生物柴油

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The calcium oxide catalysts derived from waste obtuse horn shells were utilized in the transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. This environment-friendly catalyst is thermally activated at 800 degrees C for 3 h. The resulting CaO catalyst was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD-CO2), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD patterns of calcined catalyst showed intense peaks of calcium oxide, consistent with XRF results that revealed calcium is the major element present in the obtuse horn shells. High calcination temperature (800 degrees C) tended to promote agglomeration of fine crystals, resulted in a smaller surface area (0.07 m(2)/g) as examined by BET. Catalytic activities in the transesterification process had been investigated using one-variable-at-a-time technique. The optimum palm oil conversion was 86.75% under reaction conditions of 6 h, 5 wt.% of catalyst amount and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. Reusability of this waste shell derived catalyst was examined and results showed that the prepared catalysts are able to be reused up to 3 times with conversion of more than 70% after the third cycles. Although the reusability may not be excellent at the moment, it is still in the exploratory study. More efforts were done to improve its properties and stability. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：源自废钝角壳的氧化钙催化剂被用于棕榈油向生物柴油的酯交换反应。这种环保型催化剂在800摄氏度下热活化3小时。使用热重分析（TGA），X射线衍射（XRD），CO2的程序升温脱附（TPD-CO2），Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）表面积分析和扫描电子显微镜对所得CaO催化剂进行表征SEM）。煅烧催化剂的XRD图谱显示强烈的氧化钙峰，这与XRF结果一致，后者表明钙是钝角壳中存在的主要元素。煅烧温度高（800摄氏度）往往会促进细小晶体的团聚，导致更小的表面积（0.07 m（2）/ g），如BET所述。已经使用一次可变技术研究了酯交换过程中的催化活性。在6小时的反应条件，5重量％的催化剂量和甲醇与油的比例为12∶1的条件下，最佳的棕榈油转化率为86.75％。检查了这种废壳衍生的催化剂的可重复使用性，结果表明，在第三次循环后，所制备的催化剂可重复使用多达3次，转化率超过70％。尽管目前的可重用性可能还不是很好，但仍在探索性研究中。为了改善其性能和稳定性，我们付出了更多的努力。 （C）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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