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首页> 外文期刊>Environment international >Environmental and health disparities in residential communities of New Orleans: The need for soil lead intervention to advance primary prevention
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Environmental and health disparities in residential communities of New Orleans: The need for soil lead intervention to advance primary prevention

机译：新奥尔良居民社区的环境和健康差距：需要土壤铅干预以促进初级预防

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Urban environments are the major sites for human habitation and this study evaluates soil lead (Pb) and blood Pb at the community scale of a US. city. There is no safe level of Pb exposure for humans and novel primary Pb prevention strategies are requisite to mitigate children's Pb exposure and health disparities observed in major cities. We produced a rich source of environmental and Pb exposure data for metropolitan New Orleans by combining a large soil Pb database (n = 5467) with blood Pb databases (n = 55,551 pre-Katrina and 7384 post-Katrina) from the Louisiana Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (LACLPPP). Reanalysis of pre-and post-Hurricane Katrina soil samples indicates relatively unchanged soil Pb. The objective was to evaluate the New Orleans soil Pb and blood Pb database for basic information about conditions that may merit innovative ways to pursue primary Pb exposure prevention. The city was divided into high (median census tract soil ≥ 100 mg/kg) and low Pb areas (median census tract soil< 100 mg/kg). Soil and blood Pb concentrations within the high and low Pb areas of New Orleans were analyzed by permutation statistical methods. The high Pb areas are toward the interior of the city where median soil Pb was 367, 313, 1228, and 103 mg/kg, respectively for samples collected at busy streets, residential streets, house sides, and open space locations; the low Pb areas are in outlying neighborhoods of the city where median soil Pb was 64, 46, 32, and 28 mg/kg, respectively for busy streets, residential streets, house sides, and open spaces (P-values<10~(-16)). Pre-Katrina children's blood Pb prevalence of ≥5 ug/dL was 58.5% and 24.8% for the high and low Pb areas, respectively compared to post-Katrina prevalence of 29.6% and 7.5%, for high and low Pb areas, respectively. Elevated soil Pb permeates interior areas of the city and children living there generally lack Pb safe areas for outdoor play. Soil Pb medians in outlying areas were safer by factors ranging from 3 to 38 depending on specific location. Patterns of Pb deposition from many decades of accumulation have not been transformed by hastily conducted renovations during the seven year interval since Hurricane Katrina. Low Pb soils available outside of cities can remedy soil Pb contamination within city interiors. Mapping soil Pb provides an overview of deposition characteristics and assists with planning and conducting primary Pb exposure prevention.
机译：城市环境是人类居住的主要场所，本研究评估了美国社区规模的土壤铅（Pb）和血液铅。市。对于人类而言，没有安全的铅暴露水平，因此必须采取新颖的初级预防铅策略，以减轻儿童在主要城市中发现的铅暴露和健康差异。通过结合路易斯安那州儿童铅中毒的大型土壤铅数据库（n = 5467）和血液铅数据库（n =卡特里娜飓风前55,551以及卡特里娜飓风后7384），我们为新奥尔良市提供了丰富的环境和铅暴露数据来源预防计划（LACLPPP）。对卡特里娜飓风前后的土壤样品进行的重新分析表明，土壤铅相对不变。目的是评估新奥尔良的土壤铅和血液铅数据库，以获取有关状况的基本信息，这些状况可能值得采用创新的方法来进行初步的铅暴露预防。该城市分为高（中等人口普查土壤≥100 mg / kg）和低铅地区（中等人口普查土壤<100 mg / kg）。通过排列统计方法分析了新奥尔良高低铅区域的土壤和血液中铅的浓度。高Pb区域朝向城市内部，在繁忙的街道，住宅街道，房屋侧面和露天场所收集的样品中值土壤Pb分别为367、313、1228和103 mg / kg；低Pb区域位于城市外围地区，繁忙街道，住宅街道，房屋侧面和开放空间的土壤中Pb分别为64、46、32和28 mg / kg（P值<10〜（ -16））。卡特里娜飓风之前和之后高血脂和低血铅地区儿童血液中Pb≥5 ug / dL的患病率分别为58.5％和24.8％，而卡特里娜飓风之后儿童的血液Pb患病率分别为29.6％和7.5％，分别为高和低铅地区。高浓度的土壤铅渗透到城市的内部区域，居住在那里的儿童通常缺乏室外活动的铅安全区域。偏远地区的土壤铅中位数更安全，取决于特定位置，范围为3到38。自卡特里娜飓风以来的七年时间里，匆忙进行的翻新工程并未改变数十年来积累的铅沉积方式。城市以外的低铅土壤可以补救城市内部的土壤铅污染。对土壤铅进行制图可提供沉积特征的概况，并有助于规划和进行主要的铅暴露预防。

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