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Optimizing the Harvest Timing in Continuous Cover Forestry

机译：优化连续林的采伐时间

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摘要

We analyze continuous cover or uneven-aged forest management with optimized harvest timing. The analysis is based on an economic description of uneven-aged forestry using a size-structured transition matrix model. In discrete time with fixed harvesting costs, optimizing harvest timing requires solving of a vector of integer variables in addition to the usual number of harvested trees. This mixed integer problem is solved using bilevel optimization, where the times of harvest are solved by a hill-climbing algorithm, and harvest intensities by a gradient-based interior point algorithm. Optimizing the integer harvest timing variables is crucial especially when the initial stand is an outcome of a plantation type of even-aged management and the forest owner prefers to continue forestry without clearcuts. Optimal harvest timing is shown to depend strongly on a fixed cost level, initial stand state, and interest rate. A steady state harvesting interval is typically 10-25 years, however, during transition it may be as long as 55 years. Increasing the interest rate decreases the average steady state capital value of the stand but may cause the steady state harvest frequency to decrease or increase due to flexibility in targeting harvests to different tree size classes. It appears that the legal limitations both in Sweden and Finland are constraining the optimal solutions.
机译：我们以最佳的采伐时机来分析连续的覆被或年龄不均的森林管理。该分析基于使用大小结构化过渡矩阵模型对不均一年龄林业的经济描述。在具有固定采伐成本的离散时间中，优化采伐时机除了通常采伐的树木数量外，还需要求解整数变量向量。此混合整数问题使用双层优化解决，其中收割时间通过爬山算法解决，收割强度通过基于梯度的内点算法解决。优化整数采伐时间变量至关重要，尤其是当初始林分是人工林类型的平均年龄管理的结果，而林主更喜欢继续进行林业而没有砍伐时。最佳的收割时间显示在很大程度上取决于固定的成本水平，初始的摊位状态和利率。稳态收获间隔通常为10-25年，但是在过渡期可能长达55年。提高利率会降低林分的平均稳态资本价值，但由于将采伐针对不同树木大小类别的灵活性，可能导致稳态采伐频率减少或增加。瑞典和芬兰的法律限制似乎限制了最佳解决方案。

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