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The Opportunity Costs of Conservation with Deterministic and Probabilistic Degradation Externalities

机译：确定性和概率退化外部性的保护机会成本

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摘要

This experimental study examines variations in the opportunity cost of conservation in two linear appropriation games that include symmetric and asymmetric subject payoffs. In the first game, appropriation leads to deterministic degradation in the value of a shared resource. In the second game, appropriation leads to both deterministic and probabilistic degradation, introducing endogenous uncertainty in the value of the opportunity cost of conserving the shared resource. The results show that subjects systematically decrease appropriation the lower the opportunity cost of conservation, and the addition of probabilistic degradation leads to further decreases in group appropriation. As conjectured, the response of individual subjects to the addition of probabilistic degradation is conditional on their expected marginal net benefits to appropriate, which depend in turn on their first order beliefs of others' appropriation. The overall decreases in appropriation due to probabilistic degradation, however, are not large enough to offset decreases in expected efficiency due to expected losses in the value of the shared resource.
机译：这项实验研究考察了两个线性拨款博弈中守恒机会成本的变化，其中包括对称和非对称主体收益。在第一个游戏中，挪用导致共享资源价值的确定性下降。在第二场博弈中，挪用导致确定性和概率性退化，从而在保存共享资源的机会成本价值中引入了内生的不确定性。结果表明，受保护者的机会成本越低，被调查者就会系统地减少拨款，而概率退化的增加会导致团体拨款的进一步减少。如所推测的，个体受试者对概率退化的增加的反应取决于其预期的边际净收益是否适当，而这又取决于他们对他人拨款的一阶信念。但是，由于概率降低而导致的总体拨款减少，不足以抵消由于共享资源价值的预期损失而导致的预期效率下降。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental & Resource Economics》 |2016年第2期|255-273|共19页
  • 作者

    Blanco Esther; Lopez Maria Claudia; Walker James M.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Innsbruck, Dept Publ Finance, Univ Str 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria|Indiana Univ, Vincent & Elinor Ostrom Workshop Polit Theory & P, Bloomington, IN USA;

    Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Sustainabil, 326 Nat Resources Bldg,480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA|Indiana Univ, Vincent & Elinor Ostrom Workshop Polit Theory & P, Bloomington, IN USA;

    Indiana Univ, Dept Econ, Wylie Hall 105, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA|Indiana Univ, Vincent & Elinor Ostrom Workshop Polit Theory & P, Bloomington, IN USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Asymmetry; Social dilemma; Cooperation; Laboratory experiment;

    机译：不对称;社会困境;合作;实验室实验;

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