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The livelihood impacts of the Namibian community based natural resource management programme: a meta-synthesis

机译：基于纳米比亚社区的自然资源管理计划对民生的影响：一项元综合

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Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programmes aim to achieve the joint objectives of biodiversity conservation and improved rural livelihoods by providing incentives to sustainably manage relevant resources. Since 1998, more than 50 natural resource management institutions, known as conservancies, have been established in order to manage wildlife resources, on communal lands in Namibia. The national programme is often cited as a CBNRM success; however, despite its rapid spread, there are few systematically collected or analysed household-level data which demonstrate the long-term ecological, social and economic impacts of Namibian programme. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to determine the range of positive and negative livelihood impacts resulting from CBNRM programme activities in two key regions, and the factors affecting how these impacts have been felt by households or individuals. Impacts were categorized according to any changes in access to and/or returns from the five key assets of the sustainable livelihoods framework, namely financial, human, natural, physical and social assets. Positive and negative impacts were felt on financial, human, natural and social assets; only positive impacts were identified as affecting physical assets. Individual- and household-level impacts differed depending on the specific activities implemented locally and, according to the duration, frequency and timing of the impacts, the circumstances and preferences of households and their access to particular activities and consequent impacts. If a greater understanding of the extent and importance of different impacts is to be gained in the future, more rigorous and comprehensive data collection and analysis will need to be undertaken. Analyses will need to consider the whole range of activities implemented, both the benefits and costs associated with these different activities, and will also need to provide contextual information to allow the relative importance of impacts resulting from CBNRM activities to be better understood.
机译：基于社区的自然资源管理（CBNRM）计划旨在通过提供激励措施来可持续管理相关资源，从而实现生物多样性保护和改善农村生计的共同目标。自1998年以来，已经建立了50多个自然资源管理机构，称为自然保护区，以管理纳米比亚公共土地上的野生动植物资源。国家计划经常被认为是CBNRM的成功。但是，尽管传播迅速，但很少有系统地收集或分析的家庭水平数据能证明纳米比亚方案的长期生态，社会和经济影响。进行了元综合分析，以确定在两个关键区域中由CBNRM计划活动产生的正面和负面生计影响的范围，以及影响家庭或个人如何感觉到这些影响的因素。根据获得和/或来自可持续生计框架的五个关键资产（即金融，人力，自然，有形和社会资产）的回报的变化，对影响进行了分类。对金融，人力，自然和社会资产产生了积极和消极的影响；只有积极影响被确定为影响实物资产。个人和家庭的影响有所不同，这取决于当地开展的具体活动，并根据影响的持续时间，频率和时间，家庭的情况和偏好以及家庭获得特定活动的机会和随之而来的影响。如果将来要对不同影响的程度和重要性有更深入的了解，则需要进行更加严格和全面的数据收集和分析。分析将需要考虑所实施活动的整个范围，以及与这些不同活动相关的收益和成本，还需要提供上下文信息，以更好地理解CBNRM活动所产生的影响的相对重要性。

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