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The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future

机译：南部非洲基于社区的自然资源管理的概念演变和实践：过去，现在和未来

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This paper reviews the concept and practice of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as it has evolved in southern Africa, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Zambia. It recognizes that, like democracy, CBNRM is both an imperfect process and a conceptual goal. The governance of economic processes, property rights and local political organization lie at the heart of CBNRM. The first challenge is to replace fiscal centralization, fees and bureaucracy (and the subsidization of alternative land uses) that have historically under valued wild resources, so that CBNRM's comparative economic advantage is reflected in landholder and community incentives. Second, devolving property rights to communities shifts resource governance, responsibility and benefit appropriately to the local level. This necessitates accountable, transparent and equitable micro-governance, which in turn is linked to effective meso-level support and monitoring and cross-scale linkages between central government and local communities. This paper outlines the evolution of current models of CBNRM in the region and suggests core strategies for the next generation of CBNRM.
机译：本文回顾了南部非洲社区自然资源管理（CBNRM）的概念和实践，特别是针对津巴布韦，博茨瓦纳，纳米比亚以及程度较小的赞比亚。它认识到，像民主一样，CBNRM既是不完善的过程，也是概念上的目标。经济流程，产权和地方政治组织的治理是CBNRM的核心。第一个挑战是取代历史上一直珍视野生资源不足的财政集权，费用和官僚主义（以及对替代土地用途的补贴），以便CBNRM的相对经济优势体现在土地所有者和社区激励措施中。第二，将财产权移交给社区可以将资源管理，责任和利益适当地转移到地方一级。这就需要负责，透明和公平的微观管理，而微观管理又与有效的中观支持和监测以及中央政府与地方社区之间的跨规模联系相关。本文概述了该地区当前CBNRM模型的演变，并提出了下一代CBNRM的核心策略。

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