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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Conservation >A respected central government and other obstacles to community-based management of the matsutake mushroom in Bhutan
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A respected central government and other obstacles to community-based management of the matsutake mushroom in Bhutan

机译：受尊敬的中央政府和不丹松茸蘑菇社区化管理的其他障碍

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Despite sound logic supporting decentralized resource management, the results of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) efforts have been mixed. Many conditions are thought to contribute to the sustainable use of common pool resources, but as practitioners evaluate the likelihood of CBNRM success, it is necessary to understand which particular conditions have the greatest impact and how these differ across contexts. This paper describes the harvest of the matsutake mushroom and its decline in two rural communities in Bhutan that possess many of the conditions thought to facilitate resource management. Data from surveys, informal interviews and focus group meetings suggest the decline in the matsutake harvest can be attributed to the absence of a small number of enabling characteristics and an additional factor that is often overlooked in the CBNRM literature. Factors contributing to the decline include environmental dynamics, lack of leadership, and the difficulty of monitoring and enforcing harvesting guidelines. However, communities are reluctant to absorb the costs of developing institutions owing to the lack of perceived scarcity and salience of matsutake and, perhaps most importantly, to a historical dependence on a paternalistic government. This reliance on the government may preclude communities from assuming the responsibilities of matsutake management and enforcing rules to assure a sustainable harvest, a trend seen elsewhere in Bhutan. CBNRM may succeed if governments can simultaneously build capacity in communities while empowering them to take ownership over resource management. Though a relatively small number of factors have impeded CBNRM in this case, many of the obstacles can be overcome and these efforts should be considered a work in progress in Bhutan.
机译：尽管有合理的逻辑支持权力下放的资源管理，但基于社区的自然资源管理（CBNRM）的努力结果参差不齐。人们认为许多条件有助于可持续使用公共资源库，但是随着从业人员评估CBNRM成功的可能性，有必要了解哪些特定条件影响最大以及这些条件在不同情况下如何不同。本文介绍了松茸蘑菇的收获及其在不丹两个农村社区的衰落，这些社区具有许多有助于资源管理的条件。来自调查，非正式访谈和焦点小组会议的数据表明，松茸产量的下降可归因于缺乏少数促成因素和CBNRM文献中经常忽略的其他因素。造成产量下降的因素包括环境动态，缺乏领导能力以及监测和执行收割准则的难度。但是，由于缺乏松果的稀缺性和显着性，而且也许最重要的是，历史上对家长式政府的依赖，社区不愿承担发展机构的费用。对政府的这种依赖可能使社区无法承担松茸管理和执行规则以确保可持续收成的责任，这是不丹其他地方所看到的趋势。如果政府可以同时在社区中建设能力，同时又赋予他们对资源管理的所有权，那么CBNRM可能会成功。尽管在这种情况下相对较少的因素阻碍了CBNRM，但是可以克服许多障碍，这些努力应被视为不丹正在进行的工作。

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