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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Geology >Velocity and runout simulation of destructive debris flows and debris avalanches in pyroclastic deposits, Campania region, Italy
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Velocity and runout simulation of destructive debris flows and debris avalanches in pyroclastic deposits, Campania region, Italy

机译：意大利坎帕尼亚地区火山碎屑沉积物中破坏性泥石流和碎屑雪崩的速度和跳动模拟

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The Campanian Apennines are characterized by the presence of monocline ridges, mainly formed by limestone. During the periods of volcanic activity of the Somma-Vesuvius and Phlegrean Fields, the ridges were mantled with pyroclastic materials in varying thickness. The pyroclastics have been involved in destructive landslides both in historical time and in the recent past (1997, 1998, 1999). The landslides occur following intense and prolonged rainfalls. In some cases, landslides extended up to 4 km into the surrounding lowlands and reached towns, causing severe destruction and over 200 deaths. Generally, the landslides begin as small debris slides that develop into large, shallow debris avalanches or debris flows involving pyroclastic horizons and colluvial soils (0.5-2 m thick) on steep and vegetated slopes, often at the heads of gullies. During motion, the landslide materials eroded vegetation and soils from the slope, so that the moving material volume tended to increase. Then, proceeding ' towards and beyond the base of the slopes, the phenomena evolved into hyperconcentrated streamflow due to dilution by incorporating water. The results of motion analyses are described. An empirical rheological relationship was used including two principal terms that depend on the total normal stress and on the flow velocity. On this basis, the model has simulated the velocity and duration of debris avalanches and the distribution of the deposits. The selected areas were those of Sarno/ Quindici and Cervinara, where a large amount of data is available both on the material properties and geomorphological setting. It was found that the majority of the cases at the two sites can be simulated successfully with only one specific pair of rheologic parameters. This provides the possibility for first-order predictions to be made of the motion of future landslides. Such predictions will be a valuable tool for outlining potential hazard areas and designing remedial measures.
机译：坎帕尼山脉的亚平宁山脉的特征是存在主要由石灰岩形成的单斜脊。在Somma-Vesuvius和Phlegrean油田的火山活动期间，山脊由不同厚度的火山碎屑材料覆盖。火山碎屑岩在历史时期和最近都参与了破坏性滑坡（1997、1998、1999）。滑坡发生在强降雨和长时间降雨之后。在某些情况下，滑坡延伸到周围的低地长达4公里，并到达城镇，造成严重破坏并造成200多人死亡。通常，滑坡始于小的碎屑滑坡，然后发展成较大的浅层碎屑雪崩或碎屑流，这些碎屑流涉及火山碎屑层和陡坡和植被坡度（通常在沟渠头）的坡耕土壤（0.5-2 m厚）。在运动过程中，滑坡物质从斜坡上侵蚀了植被和土壤，从而使运动物质的体积趋于增加。然后，朝着斜坡的底部前进并越过斜坡，由于掺入水而被稀释，该现象演变成高浓度的水流。描述了运动分析的结果。使用了经验流变关系，包括取决于总法向应力和流速的两个主要术语。在此基础上，该模型模拟了碎片雪崩的速度和持续时间以及沉积物的分布。选定的区域是Sarno / Quindici和Cervinara，其中有大量关于材料特性和地貌设置的数据。已经发现，仅使用一对特定的流变参数就可以成功地模拟两个地点的大多数情况。这提供了对未来滑坡运动进行一阶预测的可能性。这样的预测将是概述潜在危险区域和设计补救措施的宝贵工具。

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