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Limitations of habitats as biodiversity surrogates for conservation planning in estuaries

机译：生物多样性在河口保护规划中的栖息地局限性

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Increasing pressures on global biodiversity and lack of data on the number and abundance of species have motivated conservation planners and researchers to use more readily available information as proxies or surrogates for biodiversity. "Habitat" is one of the most frequently used surrogates but its assumed value in marine conservation planning is not often tested. The present study developed and tested three alternative habitat classification schemes of increasing complexity for a large estuary in southeast Australia and tested their effectiveness in predicting spatial variation in macroinvertebrate biodiversity and selecting estuarine protected areas to represent species. The three habitat classification schemes were: (1) broad-scale habitats (e.g., mangroves and sea-grass), (2) subdivision of each broad-scale habitat by a suite of environmental variables that varied significantly throughout the estuary, and (3) subdivision of each broad-scale habitat by the subset of environmental variables that best explained spatial variation in macroinvertebrate biodiversity. Macroinvertebrate assemblages differed significantly among the habitats in each classification scheme. For each classification scheme, habitat richness was significantly correlated with species richness, total density of macroinverte-brates, assemblage dissimilarity, and summed irre-placeability. However, in a reserve selection process designed to represent examples of each habitat, no habitat classification scheme represented species significantly better than a random selection of sites. Habitat classification schemes may represent variation in estuarine biodiversity; however, the results of this study suggest they are inefficient in designing representative networks of estuarine protected areas.
机译：全球生物多样性面临的压力越来越大，缺乏有关物种数量和种类的数据，促使保护规划人员和研究人员使用更容易获得的信息作为生物多样性的代理或替代物。 “栖息地”是最常用的替代物之一，但其在海洋保护规划中的假定价值并未经常得到检验。本研究为澳大利亚东南部的一个大型河口开发并测试了三种复杂度不断提高的替代栖息地分类方案，并测试了它们在预测大型无脊椎动物生物多样性的空间变化以及选择河口保护区来代表物种方面的有效性。三种栖息地分类方案是：（1）广泛的栖息地（例如红树林和海草），（2）通过一系列在河口变化显着的环境变量对每个广泛的栖息地进行细分；以及（3 ）按最能解释大型无脊椎动物生物多样性空间变化的环境变量子集对每个大型栖息地进行细分。在每个分类方案中，大型无脊椎动物组合在生境之间存在显着差异。对于每种分类方案，栖息地的丰富度与物种丰富度，大型无脊椎动物的总密度，组合不相似性和不可替代总和之间显着相关。但是，在旨在代表每个栖息地实例的保护区选择过程中，没有栖息地分类方案能够比随机选择地点更好地代表物种。人居分类方案可能代表着河口生物多样性的变化；然而，这项研究的结果表明，它们在设计代表性的河口保护区网络方面效率低下。

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