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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science & Technology >Quantifying Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Water Heaters
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Quantifying Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Water Heaters

机译:量化天然气热水器的甲烷排放量

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摘要

Methane emissions from natural gas appliances remain the least characterized portion of the fossil-fuel supply chain. Here we examine water heaters from 64 northern California homes to (l) quantify methane emissions from natural gas leaks and incomplete combustion while off, turning on or off, and in steady-state operation from 35 homes; and (2) characterize daily usage patterns over ~1-2 months per water heater to estimate activity factors from 46 homes. Individual tankless water heaters emitted 2390 [95% CI: 2250, 2540] g CH_4 yr~(-1) on average, 0.93% [0.87%, 0.99%] of their natural gas consumed, primarily from on/off pulses. Storage water heaters emitted 1400 [1240, 1560] g CH_4 yr~(-1) on average, 0.39% [0.34%, 0.43%] of their natural gas consumption. Despite higher methane emissions, tankless water heaters generate 29% less CO_2e_(20) than storage water heaters because they use less energy to heat a unit of water. Scaling our measured emissions by the number of storage and tankless water heaters in the United States (56.8 and 1.2 million, respectively), water heaters overall emitted an estimated 82.3 [73.2, 91.5] Gg CH_4 yr~(-1), 0.40% [0.35%, 0.44%] of all natural gas consumed by these appliances, comparable in percentage to the EPA's estimate of methane emissions from upstream natural gas production.
机译:天然气设备排放的甲烷仍然是化石燃料供应链中特征最弱的部分。在这里,我们研究了来自加利福尼亚北部64个家庭的热水器,以(l)量化了35个家庭在关闭,开启或关闭以及处于稳态运行时天然气泄漏和不完全燃烧产生的甲烷排放量; (2)描述每个热水器约1-2个月的日常使用模式,以估算46个家庭的活动因素。各个无罐式热水器平均排放2390 [95%CI:2250,2540] g CH_4 yr〜(-1),占天然气消耗量的0.93%[0.87%,0.99%],主要来自开关脉冲。储水式热水器平均排放1400 [1240,1560] g CH_4 yr〜(-1),占天然气消耗量的0.39%[0.34%,0.43%]。尽管甲烷排放量更高,但无罐式热水器产生的CO_2e_(20)却比存储式热水器少29%,因为它们使用较少的能量来加热一单位水。根据美国的储水式热水器和无罐式热水器的数量(分别为56.8和120万)来缩放我们测得的排放量,热水器的总体排放量估计为82.3 [73.2,91.5] Gg CH_4 yr〜(-1),0.40%[这些设备消耗的所有天然气的0.35%,0.44%,与EPA估算上游天然气生产中甲烷排放量的百分比相当。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2020年第9期|5737-5745|共9页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States;

    Department of Earth System Science and Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford California 94305 United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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