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Author Gender and Career Progression in Environmental Science & Technology

机译：作者：环境科学与技术领域的性别与职业发展

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摘要

Gender disparity within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) is a critical problem that can diminish the potential of scientific achievement and the impact of resources dedicated to science on an international scale. Women are entering undergraduate and graduate programs in STEMM subjects in record numbers; however, progression of women into senior scientific posts is not increasing as rapidly, is static, or may even be decreasing within some STEMM subjects." Perhaps the most frequently used metric of academic achievement to evaluate readiness for promotion into senior scientific posts is assessment of the number, quality, and impact of research publications. While assessment of the relative frequency of female first authorship of scientific journal publications can be informative, first authorship is not necessarily an indication that females are progressing into senior scientific positions. First authors are often the scientists that have performed the experimentation, analyzed results, and written the manuscript; however, these efforts are frequendy directed and supervised by a senior scientist. Within the author list of a scientific article, the corresponding (or reprint) author is frequently the scientist with overall responsibility for the work (e.g., the principal investigator), and the last author may be the senior author (may or may not be the corresponding author) or perhaps overall group or institute leader. Nonetheless, designation of authorship is not always straightforward and differences can exist among disciplines, journals, and within individual research groups. Despite limitations of the metric of scientific article authorship gender, the importance of authorship in terms of a scientist's reputation, career progression, and impact within a discipline also dictate that the metric has potential importance for assessment of gender-disparity and career progression within a discipline.
机译：科学，技术，工程，数学和医学（STEMM）中的性别差异是一个至关重要的问题，可以削弱科学成就的潜力以及国际范围内用于科学的资源的影响。妇女进入STEMM科目的本科和研究生课程的人数创历史新高；但是，在某些STEMM学科中，女性晋升到高级科学职位的速度并没有那么快，是固定的，甚至没有下降。”研究出版物的数量，质量和影响力虽然评估科学期刊出版物的女性第一作者的相对频率可以提供很多信息，但第一作者的身份并不一定表明女性正在晋升为高级科学职位。完成实验，分析结果和撰写手稿的科学家；但是，这些努力是由资深科学家指导和监督的。在科学文章的作者列表中，相应的（或重印的）作者经常是对工作的总体责任（例如，首席调查员） d最后一位作者可以是资深作者（可以是或可以不是通讯作者），也可以是整个小组或机构的负责人。但是，作者身份的指定并不总是那么简单，学科，期刊之间以及各个研究小组之间可能存在差异。尽管科学论文作者性别的度量标准受到限制，但就科学家的声誉，职业发展以及在一门学科中的影响而言，作者身份的重要性也表明该度量标准对于评估学科中的性别差异和职业发展具有潜在的重要性。

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  • 来源
    《Environmental Science & Technology》 |2017年第17期|9417-9418|共2页
  • 作者

    Theodore B. Henry; Katia Marioni-Henry;

  • 作者单位

    The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS U.K.,The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 United States,Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States;

    Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG U.K.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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